SMOG DIGEST ARCHIVES

   
SMOG DIGEST
November 2006-


Air pollution and Indian cities

Experts clear fog over hazy conditions: A dip in temperature along with the imminent onset of winter has thrown a veil of haze over the city. However, the current spell of thick smog should not be confused with fog, say researchers from National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). A CSE analysis of the air quality data available from the ITO monitoring station during the period September and October, 2006 shows that the pollution level has already begun to build up in the city due to lowering of the atmospheric temperature and calming of wind. ‘‘If this trend continues Delhi can hurtle towards disastrous winter smog, which will be for a longer spell, proving costly not only to airlines and businesses but also to people with respiratory, cardiac and asthmatic problems,’’
said Anumita Roychowdhury of CSE.
Source: Times of India, Delhi, 31/10/06

Cracker smoke raises city air pollution to dangerous levels: Air pollution levels in the city shot up on the weekend, and a further rise is expected, Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) officials said. The MPCB will release figures only on Tuesday, when the Diwali celebrations end. Dr Shashidhar Kashyap, a scientist at the Eureka Forbes Institute of Environment that measures pollution every day in Chembur, said, “In the past three days, there has been an increase in suspended particulate matter (SPM). There has also been an increase in the levels of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.” On October 18, SPM was around 230; now it has gone up to 260. According to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 100 micrograms per cubic metre is moderate. “SPM higher than that is critical,” said Kashyap.
Source: DNA, Mumbai, 10/ 22/ 2006

Kanpur the seventh most polluted city in the world: Time: The industrial city of Kanpur has been named the seventh most polluted city in the world, says a report in the "Time" magazine. The latest issue of the magazine referred to a 2006 World Bank study which placed Kanpur seventh in terms of air pollution and in a report that detailed the most polluted places in four Asian countries, placed the city on top. Kanpur, which it said fares worst among all Indian cities, was followed by Kitakyushu in Japan, Indonesian capital Jakarta and Chinese city of Xiangshan. A survey in 2004 had found Kanpur was the most polluted city in India after Raipur, Jharia and Jalandhar, but in two years, due to a burgeoning population and increasing number of diesel-run vehicles it had surged to the top of the list. The growing population of the city, it said, was one of the chief reasons for the worsening air condition. While the average population growth in the country between 1991 to 2001 was 21.3 percent, Kanpur had registered 32.5 percent. In the next five years the numbers would increase by another five lakh, it said.
Source: Hindustan Times, Kanpur, 10/6/2006

Pollution unlimited: While the State government for three years now has been passing the buck over the phasing out of old commercial vehicles comes a report that Jammu enjoys the dubious districntion of being among a couple of cities in the country with the highest lead residue in the air. The report while it has taken it`s time coming only confirms what the people of the city have been suspecting all along. While the debilitating effects of lead poisoning need not be enumerated here the government has exhibited a remarkable lack of political will to address the problem. Despite the unambiguous directions of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court ordering the government to phase out commercial vehicles more than 15 years old, the concerned authorities have been dragging their feet finding one excuse after another.
Source: The Kashmir Times, Jammu, 10/25/2006

Banglaore going the Delhi way?: Call it the boom`s backlash. The Bangalore story of IT feel-good, business clusters and migrant millions - is heading for a sombre twist.The World Health Organisation`s recommendations to Bangalore (along with Chennai, Kolkata and Mumbai) to switch to cleaner automotive fuel in a bid to check the alarming pollution levels, are a bleak pointer to what the City is in for. Ailments, for one. Survey findings down the yers have fore-warned us on the danger ahead. However, with more than 500 new vehciles registered everyday (the City`s total vehicular population is 24,00,000), no respite seems to be in sight.
Source: Deccan Herald, Bangalore, , 10/15/2006

Meghalaya vehicles major cause of air pollution: Over 50 per cent of vehicles in Meghalaya, ranked fourth in the country in terms of per capita vehicle at one for every eight persons, emit pollutants ‘beyond permissible limits’, studies conducted by State Pollution Control Board have revealed, reports PTI. Joint Director of Union Ministry of Environment and Forests` north east regional office, S C Katiyar, said vehicular emissions are a major cause of air pollution in Meghalaya, particularly urban areas and along the highways. The problems get magnified as roads are the main mode of transportation due to unavailability of rail network and waterways as well as poor air connectivity. The major pollutants emitted by vehicles include suspended particulate matters (SPM), respirable suspended particulate matters (RSPM), soot, oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and sulphur (SOX), carbon monooxide, hydrocarbons, some of which are carcinogens, Katiyar said.
Source: The Assam Tribune, Guwahati, 10/23/2006

Divali was less noisy, polluting this year’: Divali was less noisy and polluting for Delhiites this year due to a drive against crackers that violate norms laid down by the government, claims Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC). The concentration of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the Delhi atmosphere showed a considerable decline this year compared to the last year’s Divali, according to the data prepared by the DPCC. A monitoring of ambient air quality at 40 locations and noise levels at 30 locations on Divali night has shown a comparative decline in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and carbon monoxide concentration at 28 locations.
Source: The Tribune, New Delhi, 10/23/2006

Loud, cheap, Chinese and injurious to health: The land of the dragon is making its presence felt in Delhi`s cracker mart thanks to its USP — throwaway prices. Delhiites are not complaining because Chinese crackers give them more than their money`s worth. They should. The air we breathe is getting more toxic. "Chinese crackers are mostly made of chlorate, an explosive substance, which is cheaper and more effective compared to nitrate which is the main ingredient in Indian firecrackers," says Gurnam Singh, senior environmental engineer at Central Pollution Control Board.
Source: The Hindustan Times, New Delhi, 10/20/2006

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Fuel and vehicle technology

Govt to permit import of Harley Davidson bikes:
Despite having reservations, the government may be forced to allow the import of Harley Davidson bikes into the country. The Centre is, at present, considering a proposal that seeks permission to import 5,000 Harley Davidson bikes over a period of 5-10 years. The iconic bike company, which unveiled its plans to foray into India with 500-cc bikes last year, has been unable to do so due to the country’s stringent emission norms. The ministry of road transport and highways had raised serious objections to the import of the bikes, saying the country did not have any norms for such high emissions. It had also not been too keen to change these norms, as it would lead to very high pollution. Nearly 80% of the automobiles in Indian cities comprised two-wheelers, and the ministry felt that it was necessary to control emission by sticking to some stringent norms. The US government has also taken up the issue with its Indian counterpart and has asked for a relaxation of emission norms as well as a reduction in import duty. It wants the bikes to be considered in the same category as small cars.
Source: The Financial Express, New Delhi, 10/11/2006

Hero group inks pact with UK co for electric bikes:
Hero Group has struck a deal with British electric vehicle (EV) company Ultra Motors to introduce EV in the country. Ultra Motors has signed a technical collaborationcum-joint marketing deal with Hero Cycles for bringing out electric two-wheelers. A nascent segment as of now, with the entry of a large two-wheeler group like Hero, the market for e-vehicles could witness a take off with the creation of a new category.
Source: The Economic Times, New Delhi, 10/12/2006

Deora meets Deshmukh; Maha to cut fuel sales tax:

The Maharashtra government on Monday admitted that taxes on petrol and diesel in the state were quite high and said it would rationalise them after receiving the recommendations from a high-level committee, which is expected to submit its report within a week. This was the outcome of a meeting between the state chief minister Vilasrao Deshmukh and petroleum minister Murli Deora. The petroleum minister on September 18 had called the state government to reduce the sales tax on the grounds that it was the highest in the country at 34% compared to that of neighbouring Goa (21%), Andhra Pradesh (28%), Gujarat (28%) and Karnataka (30%). The ministry had supported the stand taken by the petrol and diesel dealers who had gone on strike last month.
Source: The Financial Express, New Delhi, 10/17/2006
 

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Alternative Fuels and Technology

GAIL panel to draw up quality norms for CNG:
THE GOVERNMENT has asked Gas Authority of India Ltd (GAIL) to set up a committee to formulate quality specification guidelines for compressed natural gas (CNG). The report has to be submitted to the Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPCA) within three months. The committee will include former Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) professor H B Mathur and officials from the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), GAIL, Indraprastha Gas Ltd (IGL) and Mahanagar Gas Ltd (MGL). Though years have passed since the introduction of CNG in Delhi, no fuel quality specifications are in place. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), which had formulated a draft on standards, got no response to its suggestions. BIS said it would take one to two years to come out with quality specifications.
Source: The Hindustan Times, New Delhi, 10/31/2006

Bid for CNG buses cancelled:
An Ambitious plan to run CNG minibuses in the Chandni Chowk area has hit yet another roadblock. Senior official said that owing to difficulties in striking the right deal with the bidders, the bid had to be cancelled. The officials are tightlipped over the matter, but sources say that the bidder, who was to get the tender, could not fulfil certain pre-conditions. The transport department wanted dif ferent companies to bid for the two routes. The bidding party did not have an annual turnover of Rs 6 crores, which was an eligibility marker for the bid, but it bid for both routes.
Source: The Asian Age, New Delhi, , 10/17/2006

GAIL to expand CNG network to 46 cities:
GAIL (India) Ltd is planning to expand its compressed natural gas (CNG) distribution network to 46 cities in the country over the next four years. At present, CNG, as a vehicle fuel, is available in Delhi, Mumbai, Agra, Kanpur and Lucknow. Cities like Ahmedabad, Chandigarh, Pune, Patna, Jodhpur, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Kolkata, Gwalior, Indore, Silchar, and Jaipur will soon be added to the list. GAIL believes its CNG network expansion plan will work on the premise that the cost of running a vehicle on CNG is almost one-third that of petrol. The automobile industry has been demanding expansion of the network for a long time to ensure integrated inter-city transport on CNG fuel.
Absence of a proper CNG network has forced some auto companies to abandon it in favour of other alternative fuels. Market leader Maruti Udyog Ltd (MUL), which had launched CNG models earlier, has now opted for LPG due to its wider availability and convenient refuelling.
Source: Business Standard, New Delhi, , 10/24/2006

CNG retailers may get ‘limited period’ monopoly rights:
The Centre is likely to allow companies have monopoly in retailing natural gas to households and CNG to automobiles for a ’limited period’, which will be decided on the basis of investment made, location and market growth. The natural gas pipeline and city or local natural gas distribution networks policy wants firms to commit long term investments based on reasonable return through network tariff, along with some incentive for earning profit from gas sales through a limited period of marketing exclusivity.
Source: The Financial Express, New Delhi, 10/21/2006

New gas pipeline policy to ensure fair deal for consumers & cos:
The final contours of the gas pipeline policy is falling in place. The pipeline sector, which has recently attracted investor interest from large corporates including RIL, British Gas, ADAG, GAIL among others, will be developed on a common-carrier principle and will allow exclusive rights to the developer in the initial years. Companies having common interests in marketing and pipeline transportation will, however, be required to separate operations and maintain arms’ length distance.
Source: The Economic Times, New Delhi 10/19/2006

Plan panel trashes draft pipeline policy:
THE Planning Commission has objected to the draft gas pipeline policy which calls for exclusivity for laying, building, operating, expanding city or local gas distribution networks and giving exclusivity of marketing to the entity developing such networks. The period of such exclusivity is left open. The commission has objected to the Petroleum Ministry not making the necessary changes in the draft policy despite its repeated suggestions. No valid arguments had been given for not making critical changes, it added. Source: The Hindustan Times, New Delhi, 10/20/2006

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Biofuels

Ethanol supply: Oil cos to start price talks this week:
The public sector oil marketing companies will initiate final price negotiations for sourcing ethanol from sugar mills during the coming week. It is learnt that the technical and financial bids for tenders floated by the oil marketing companies - for an aggregate quantity of 580 million litres - have so far been opened in all States, barring Punjab. Mills have apparently quoted prices (ex-distillery per litre) between Rs 21.50 and Rs 22 in Uttar Pradesh; Rs 21.50-22.50 for Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal; Rs 21.50-23 in Karnataka; Rs 23 in Tamil Nadu; Rs 22.50-23.25 in Gujarat; Rs 24.20 in Maharashtra; and Rs 25 in Andhra Pradesh.
Source: Business Line, New Delhi, 10/30/2006

Govt mulls tax sops to promote biodiesel:
The government is mulling giving tax incentives like excise and import duty exemption to promote the use of biodiesel and ethanol in auto fuels so as to cut down India`s import dependence to meet its fuel needs. The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, now re-christened as Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, in the draft National Policy on Biofuels has suggested a slew of fiscal incentives and a National Biofuel Development Board headed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to promote doping of petrol with ethanol and diesel with non-edible oil.
Source: The Tribune, New Delhi, 10/24/2006

ICRISAT ties up with marginal farmers for bio-fuel project:
The International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has become the first institute in the world that has facilitated a project linking a distillery, producing ethanol from sweeter sorghum, to the poor and marginal farmers of the semiarid tropics.
Source: The New Indian Express, Hyderabad, 10/12/2006

Energy quest takes Indian jatropha on African safari:
India`s quest for energy security is taking it to Madagascar and Mozambique. A longterm plan is being chalked out to grow jatropha in these African countries to supplement fuel supply in India. Interestingly, the idea of growing jatropha in these countries has been mooted by Mauritius which is persuading India to strengthen its economic relations with the eastern and southern Africa.
Source: The Economic Times, New Delhi, 10/14/2006
 

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In-Use vehicles

Pollution: Govt cars not upto mark:
Delhi’s public transport may switched over to CNG to reduce pollution and while that has considerably reduced air pollution in the capital, it seems that the government itself is not following its own rules to ensure a clean capital. The classic Ambassador remains India’s official car. It also represents one of the many things polluting the capital and has Delhi’s chief secretary worried. He has written to the cabinet secretary B K Chaturvedi twice in the last three months that a survey of 281 govt cars showed that only 72 were found with vaild pollution control certificates which means that 75% of the govt cars in Delhi are plying without a pollution check. "We've got to make sure the central and Delhi govt follows the pollution norms,” said R Narayanswamy, Chief Secretary Delhi.
Source: Source: Times Now, Delhi, 10/13/2006

Pollution increases in Jammu even as NPCs sell like hot cakes:
While the officials of state regional transport and traffic department are shifting blame on one another, the level of pollution is increasing in Jammu city to dangerous proportions. The much hyped non-pollution certificate drive seems to have ceased into just a revenue earning exercise, proving futile in controlling the increasing graph of pollution, a fact confirmed by the pollution monitoring data available with state pollution control board (SPCB). The data reveals that during the daytime, the maximum level of suspended particulate  matter (SPM) in the air at the ever-busy jewel chowk, on an average has been recorded at 270 microgram per meter cube in the month of September 2006 while the minimum level has been 260 microgram/cm cube. Officials at the SPCB maintain that anything above 200 microgram/cm cube is considered hazardous within the city limits. They said that in sensitive areas like hospitals, schools, kinder gartens, and old age homes etc. even 70
micrograms per centimeter cube is considered dangerous. For industrial areas, the criterion fixed is entirely different.
Source: The Kashmir Times, Jammu, 19/10/2006

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Transportation and traffic

Why Delhi needs cycle-rickshaws:
They do not emit pollution and provide jobs to a million people It is a myth that pulling cycle-rick- shaws is inhumane. Rickshaw pullers are better off than construction labourers who carry heavy loads on their heads. Director of the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), Sunita Narain, also makes a strong pitch in favour of cycle-rickshaws and other modes of nonmotorised transport. “It is a misconception that cycle-rickshaws cause congestion. It is the cars that are causing congestion. It is sad that in a socialist country like India, the poor rickshaw pullers are getting targeted for no fault of theirs,” says Narain. A study carried out by CSE in Ambedkar Nagar shows that over 60 per cent commuters travel by public transport buses that use up 8 per cent road space, while cars move only 20 per cent people and take over 75 per cent road space.
Source: The Hindustan Times, New Delhi, , 10/23/2006

Monorail plan for City Centre project:
Haryana government has a monorail project in place for its Golden Triangle City Centre (GTCC) project in Sector 29. The centre will have both Metro and monorail connectivity. The government also plans to make it vehicle-free. The consortium company of East China Architecture and Design Institute (ECADI) and India based Fairwood Consultants that is designing the proposed City Centre, has proposed the introduction of monorail or trams – the Light Rail Transit System (LRTS) for local commutation.
Source: The Hindustan Times, New Delhi, 11/1/2006

Haryana puts Metro work on fast track:
THE HARYANA government has put its Metro plan on the fast track. The Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) has alreadly auctioned plots for 24 offices and 15 shopping kiosks. Apart from these, there will be one operational petrol pump and the boundary walls of residential colonies on MG Road tuned up. Unauthorized parking lots on MG Road will make way for the new Metro line.
Source: The Hindustan Times, New Delhi, 11/1/2006

Get ready to pay more if you hit highway in peak hours:
 With the road sector growing at a pace of 9%, the government is now all set to monetise the traffic growth by introducing for the first time a tolling policy for highways. Road commuters will now pay out a higher toll if they happen to hit the highway at the peak hours. The proposed new policy is likely to introduce peak and non-peak toll rates, tolling of two lane highways and a fixed and variable component to calculate tolling rates in case of cost escalation.
Source: The Economic Times, New Delhi, 10/13/2006

2010: Transport dept to come up with traffic plan:
 The Transport department is readying a full-fledged detailed transport and traffic plan for the Commonwealth Games and has already started the process for appointing a consultant. “Movement from the stadia to the Games Village, practice venue, hotels, airport and other areas need to be made smooth and hassle free. Accordingly, we are looking for a comprehensive transport plan which will identify routes based on traffic projections for 2010 and also devise schemes for infrastructure upgrade and augmentation,” said a transport department official.
Source: The Indian Express, New Delhi, 10/24/2006

Central aid speeds up Indore rapid bus system work:
The dream of people of Indore to have rapid transit bus system has been put on the fast track of realisation courtesy to Union Urban Development Ministry. The Centre will give Rs 49.22 crore as financial assistance to the Madhya Pradesh under the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) programme for the project. Urban Development Ministry has released Rs 12.40 crore to the State. The State Government has decided to construct 11.45-km long rapid bus transit system in Indore at an estimated cost of around Rs 100 crore.
Source: The Pioneer, New Delhi, 10/23/2006

Skybus: A safer and economical option?:
In the next six years, one can travel from Colaba to Borivali in 30 minutes flat! Every 30 seconds, a skybus will breeze above the high-density arterial roads of the metorpolis. Air-conditioned units, each with a capacity to carry 300 commuters and suspended from concrete/steel traction above, will chug along merrily at a speed of 100 km/h thanks to the high-end suspension systems. An alumnus of IIT Mumbai, Sudhir Badami has designed the plan. He claims that the Skybus is an Indian answer to the global problem of urban transport.
Source: The Free Press Journal, Mumbai, 10/10/2006

Delhi in the fast lane with HCBS on track:
Delhi has finally opened up to a transport revolution. With a reliable Metro system in place, the new target is an economical bus rapid system that adds more passengers, decongests roads, and ensures safety of pedestrians. If all goes well, Delhi government plans to achieve all this in one master stroke, High Capacity Bus System (HCBS). The government has already awarded a contract for construction of the bus corridor and the deadline is 2008. The system promises to solve a number of problems for the Capital, which is aiming to clean up the mess on its roads by the time it invites international athletes and tourists for Commonwealth Games 2010.
Source: The Times of India, New Delhi, 10/23/2006

For safer roads, highway police & new rules:
With more and more Indians taking the highway for long-distance travel and transport, the government panel on road safety policy is going to suggest a slew of measures including creation of safety boards and the formation of a specialized police force to enforce rules along the national highways. The decision to have a separate, long-term policy on road safety was taken by the Committee on Infrastructure, headed by the prime minister, last year as it was felt that with better and broader road, there was a larger volume of vehicles of different categories travelling at much higher speeds, increasing the risk of accidents. Source: The Indian Express, New Delhi, 10/21/2006

No sci-fi: GPS in school buses:
A school bus operator — sitting in front of a computer, monitoring the fleet of buses and pinpointing the movement of each and every bus in real time as children are dropped home — is not a scene from a sci-fi movie. The Cathedral and John Connan High School in Fountain has beaten BEST buses and BMC to installing Global Positioning System (GPS) units in each of its 52 buses, making it a first for city schools. This satellite-based tracking system, installed in August, will be fully functional in a month’s time and enable both school authorities and school bus operators to track the buses. “This will greatly enhance security, as we will no longer be dependent on a call from the driver or the attendant in case of an emergency,” school principal Meera Isaacs said.
Source: The Times of India, 10/20/2006

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In Court

SC sets Oct 31 deadline for parking policy:
Ahead of finalisation of Master Plan 2021, the Supreme Court has set October 31 as the deadline for Delhi’s civic and planning bodies to give all requisite data to Environment Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority (EPCA) for preparing the final parking policy for the Capital. The final parking policy, as and when it gets framed, may burn a hole in the pockets of vehicle owners, for the court was not in favour of any subsidy, even for the construction and maintenance of parking facilities. The court asked the three civic bodies in the Capital to give details of their proposal for rationalised parking rates for all types of parking ‘‘based on the user pay principle in which the user will pay the full cost of parking and the element of subsidy is eliminated’’. A Bench comprising Chief Justice Y K Sabharwal and Justices Arijit Pasayat and S H Kapadia directed New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC), Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) and Delhi Development Authority (DDA) to give details of existing parking fees — surface, underground and multi-level — as well as the parking slots, existing and proposed, to EPCA.
Source: The Times of India, New Delhi, 10/25/2006

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Health impacts


Pollution causes hearing disability among infants:
 Environmental factors including increasing pollution levels are contributing to hearing disability in new born babies. A study by a group of city researchers reveals that while genetic factors contribute to 50 per cent of hearing impaired cases in new born babies, 40 per cent of the cases are related to environmental factors like pollution. The incidence of hearing disability is two to three per 1,000 live births in India and one per 1,000 babies is profoundly deaf at birth or in the prelingual (stage of learning language) childhood period. As against these pre-natal (before birth) factors, post-natal (after birth) infection of the ear (otitis media) is responsible for 11.71 per cent cases of hearing impairment in children while head injuries contribute to just 4.83 per of the cases.
Source: Deccan Chronicle, Hyderabad, 10/21/2006

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South Asian countries

Haze spoils holiday mood in Indonesia; airport closed:
Poor visibility due to thick smoke from Indonesian forest fires shut an airport in the central part of Indonesia’s Sumatra island on Sunday, compounding transport misery over the main Muslim holiday period. At Sultan Thaha airport in Sumatra’s Jambi province, flights have been cancelled since last week. “(The condition is) still the same. We haven’t been able to open the airport,” airport head Basuki Mardiyanto said.
Source: The Hindustan Times, New Delhi, 10/23/2006

Hong Kong leader targets air pollution:
Faced with air pollution levels that on some days force the elderly and the asthmatic to stay indoors and have some foreigners contemplating a move to cleaner climes, the government of this financial city said that it was time to get tough on the worst polluters. Donald Tsang, the Hong Kong chief executive, outlines an anit-pollution agenda in an annual policy address that the promised some carrots and threat of big sticks to get industry and the polluting public to help clean up the city’s frequnelty murky skies.
Source: International Herald Tribune, Bangkok, 10/12/2006

Smoke worsens in SE Asia, health warning issued:
Visibility plunged to 50 metres in parts of Borneo island on Saturday and Singapore recorded its highest pollution reading in nearly a decade as fires in Indonesia sent acrid smoke across Southeast Asia. Singapore issued its first haze-related health warning this year. The daily air pollution index hit 128, the National Environment Agency said on its Web site (www.nea.gov.sg). A reading above 100 is rated unhealthy. In Central Kalimantan, on the Indonesian side of Borneo, visibility in some places had plunged to 50 metres governor Agustin Teras Narang told Elshinta radio. Hundreds sought medical help for respiratory problems, with more than 500 fires counted from satellite images. Malaysia also reported unhealthy levels of smoke in many areas. Purwasto, head of forest fire control of Indonesia's environment ministry, said experts would go to Central Kalimantan on Sunday to assess the situation. "The worst situation is in Central Kalimantan now. Most areas in the province contain peat", he told Reuters. Peat can burn for years and produces thick smoke. "We cannot estimate the extent of the fires now."
Source: Reuters, Singapore, 10/7/2006

 

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