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Dear readers,
Welcome to the Climate Weekly Digest by the Centre for Science and Environment’s Climate Change programme and Down to Earth.
The latest update from Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) has revealed that 2025 is on track to become the second or third warmest year on record. Down to Earth’s Akshit Sangomla writes that global warming has accelerated rapidly over the past few years, and the period from 2023 to 2025 could be the first to exceed the 1.5°C warming limit above pre-industrial levels (1850-1900). The sequence of record-breaking annual and monthly temperatures that began in June 2023 has continued into November 2025, which ranked as the third warmest November on record.
Sangomla adds that this acceleration in warming has defied expectations, raising concerns that the world is moving towards a long-term breach of the 1.5°C threshold. In just the past two years (2023-2024), there has been an unprecedented temperature spike of 0.4°C globally. While a single year—or even three consecutive years—above 1.5°C does not constitute a formal breach of the long-term threshold, research indicates that the extreme warming observed in 2023 and 2024 may mark the onset of its long-term exceedance.
A new report by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA South Asia) and JMK Research has analysed the impact of India’s Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for high-efficiency solar photovoltaic (PV) modules. Down to Earth’s Puja Das reports on the findings, highlighting that the scheme has driven a sharp jump in domestic manufacturing capacity since its launch in 2021, but faces significant structural challenges that threaten its long-term impact.
India’s domestic manufacturing has expanded rapidly since 2022, with module and cell manufacturing capacity reaching 120 GW and 29.3 GW respectively—an increase by 216 per cent and 344 per cent from 2022 levels. About 26 per cent of cell manufacturing capacity and 24 per cent of module manufacturing capacity are tied to PLI allocations. However, upstream manufacturing (of polysilicon and wafers) continues to remain limited and import-dependent. Furthermore, the scheme’s full potential remains hampered due to structural issues including high capital costs for upstream integration, inadequate incentives, inconsistencies in trade policy and global raw material price volatility. The report recommends reforms such as tax credits, low-cost finance, layered incentives, de-risking global price volatility, and coordinated institutional mechanisms to align trade, manufacturing and investment policies.
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By - Upamanyu Das
Climate Change, CSE
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Extreme rainfall from cyclones Senyar and Ditwah made more intense by warming: WWA, 11 December 2025
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2025 may become one of hottest years on record as 2023-2025 could cross 1.5°C threshold, 09 December 2025
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CLIMATE NEWS | SCIENCE| IMPACTS| POLITICS |
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