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Dear readers,
Welcome to the Climate Weekly newsletter by the Centre for Science and Environment’s Climate Change programme and Down to Earth.
The Anil Agarwal Dialogue (AAD) 2025, an annual conclave of over 80 journalists from India working on environment and development, was organised by CSE over the past week at the Anil Agarwal Environment Training Institute, located in Nimli, Rajasthan. At the conclave, CSE and Down to Earth released their yearly report, The State of India’s Environment 2025. According to the report, the first generation of the 21st century, Generation Alpha—which will comprise an estimated two billion people by 2025—will inherit a climatologically changed, warmer planet. The report drew on the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service, which indicated that 2024 was the first year with global average temperature exceeding the 1.5°C above the pre-industrial level threshold. In fact, 2024 was the warmest year on record, with the global average temperature at 1.6°C above the pre-industrial level.
Further, India’s extreme weather predicament was highlighted at AAD 2025. In a session that covered multiple facets of extreme weather in India, an important issue was the increasingly warm nights and urban heat in the subcontinent, which particularly affects vulnerable communities. Another point of discussion was the phenomenon of oceanic heatwaves in the Indian Ocean, which could be in a permanent state of heatwave by 2050. The risks faced by Indian farmers was also discussed, who are shouldering high insurance premiums despite greater climate vulnerability, while receiving fewer claim benefits. It was pointed out that better transparency and improved accuracy of crop yield and weather data could benefit crop insurance mechanisms.
AAD 2025 also witnessed the release of another important publication, the State of States report, which assesses the process on India’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report highlights that the country is lagging in nine out of 16 SDGs. All 36 Indian states and Union Territories (UTs) have achieved at least half of the targets in only four SDGs so far, which includes SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth).
Moreover, India’s SDG framework is missing key indicators across several goals. For instance, SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) has no measure to directly assess water quality, and SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) does not feature two global indicators—carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output and the share of renewables in the total energy consumption. The assessment of indicators also carries several gaps, with data not being available for key indicators in several states and UTs. The report sheds light on the challenges faced by India on the path to achieve the SDGs by 2030.
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By - Upamanyu Das
Climate Change, CSE
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| EXTREME WEATHER TRACKER |
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AAD 2025: Session on extreme weather paints worrying picture about India, 27 February 2025
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Africa on the brink: 1.5°C warming highly likely by 2040, study warns, 26 February 2025
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