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Dear readers,
Welcome to the Climate Weekly Digest by the Centre for Science and Environment’s Climate Change programme and Down to Earth.
Last week, COP30 began in Belem, Brazil, with a fragile compromise on the agenda for the summit. CSE Climate’s Rudrath Avinashi and Down to Earth’s Shagun Kapil, reporting on the opening day’s proceedings, write that the COP30 Presidency brokered the “agenda fight”, with four key issues slated for discussions through presidential consultations. These include Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement, trade-restrictive unilateral measures, synthesis report on nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and transparency of climate data. Dialogues on these four issues continued through the week without any agreement between Parties.
On the just transition agenda, the G77 and China bloc proposed to establish a Just Transition Mechanism under the UN climate framework to anchor equity and support in the shift to low-carbon economies. Down to Earth’s Puja Das reports that the proposed mechanism caused a rift between developing and developed countries. Developed economies resisted the mechanism, warning that it may duplicate existing negotiation tracks and add budgetary strains. However, the G77 bloc argued that the mechanism was crucial in order to mobilise finance and support vulnerable countries. The divisions highlighted the questions of historical responsibility and sovereignty in the global energy transition, and the outcome could shape whether just transition remains aspirational or becomes operational.
Lastly, discussions on the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) focused on bridging political divides and establishing a framework of indicators to track the GGA. CSE’s Trishant Dev writes that developing Parties prioritised finance, support and flexibility in how countries measure and report adaptation progress. Developing countries emphasised the need for grant-based support with debates continuing over implementation-related indicators and the role of public finance. Furthermore, the co-chairs released a draft text on the GGA with options for indicators and a roadmap to triple adaptation finance by 2030 from 2025 levels—which is slated for further discussions.
The second week at COP30 will be crucial for setting the global agenda for climate action, including potential decisions on adaptation implementation, just transition pathways, support mechanisms including climate finance and technology transfers, and the Global Stocktake.
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By - Upamanyu Das
Climate Change, CSE
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Another Ice Age? Iceland declares potential AMOC collapse an ‘existential threat’, 13 November 2025
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CLIMATE NEWS | SCIENCE| IMPACTS| POLITICS |
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CSE at COP 30: The Belem Buzz |
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| Carbon Politics: A Video Podcast by CSE |
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