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காலநிலை நிதி இலக்கு: வளர்ச்சி அடைந்த நாடுகள் சாதனை, ஆனால் உதவியின் தரம் கேள்விக்குறி!

OECD அறிக்கையின் முக்கிய கவலை என்னவென்றால், வழங்கப்படும் பொது நிதியில் கிட்டத்தட்ட மூன்றில் நான்கு பங்கு கடனாகவே வழங்கப்படுகிறது. மானியங்கள் அல்லது மிகக் குறைந்த வட்டியில் கடன்கள் வழங்குவது குறைந்துள்ளதால், வளரும் நாடுகள் கடன் சுமையில் சிக்குவதாகவும், காலநிலை மாற்றத்தை எதிர்கொள்ளத் தேவையான ஆதரவு கிடைக்கவில்லை என்றும் அச்சம் தெரிவிக்கின்றனர். Centre for Science and Environment அமைப்பும், இது போன்ற கடன் திட்டங்கள் நம்பிக்கையைக் குறைப்பதாகவும், நீண்டகால காலநிலை முயற்சிகளைப் பாதிப்பதாகவும் சுட்டிக்காட்டியுள்ளது.

लू की गिरफ्त में राजधानी दिल्ली, 52 डिग्री जैसा महसूस हो रहा पारा; इन इलाकों में सबसे बुरा हाल

दिल्ली में अर्बन हीट का संकट तेजी से गहराता जा रहा है। राजधानी का करीब 76% हिस्सा लगातार तेज गर्मी की चपेट में है। कई इलाकों में तापमान 52 डिग्री सेल्सियस तक महसूस हो रहा है। सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरमेंट (CSE) की नई रिपोर्ट में यह गंभीर खुलासा किया गया है। भारत की जीडीपी में भी हो सकता है नुकसान रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक, बढ़ती गर्मी अब सिर्फ मौसम की परेशानी नहीं रह गई है बल्कि यह लोगों की सेहत, जीवन और देश की अर्थव्यवस्था पर भी बड़ा खतरा बनती जा रही है। अनुमान है कि इस दशक के अंत तक गर्मी के कारण कामकाज और उत्पादकता में गिरावट से भारत की जीडीपी को करीब 4.5% तक नुकसान हो सकता है। पिछले 4 दशक में दिल्ली का अधिकतम और न्यूनतम तापमान लगातार बढ़ा है। दिन ही नहीं रातों में भी बढ़ता तापमान अब सिर्फ दिन ही नहीं, बल्कि रातें भी पहले के मुकाबले ज्यादा गर्म हो रही हैं। शहर की रात में ठंडा होने की क्षमता में करीब 9% तक कमी दर्ज की गई है। एयर कंडीशनर का बढ़ता इस्तेमाल अर्बन हीट आइलैंड प्रभाव को और तेज कर रहा है। एसी से निकलने वाली गर्म हवा बाहरी तापमान को और बढ़ा देती है। इससे बिजली की मांग भी रिकॉर्ड स्तर तक पहुंच रही है। क्या कहती है रिपोर्ट रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, ग्रीन कवर तेजी से घट रहा है। 2014 में राजधानी का ग्रीन कवर 25.3% था, जो 2024 में घटकर सिर्फ 14.1% रह गया। जलाशयों का इलाका भी 1.2% से घटकर 0.99% रह गया है। खेती वाली जमीन कंक्रीट के जंगल में बदल रही है। इससे गर्मी जमीन और इमारतों में फंस जाती है। इन इलाकों में सबसे बुरा हाल बवाना, मायापुरी, मुडका, नरेला, उत्तम नगर, संगम विहार, करावल नगर और चांदनी चौक जैसे इलाके सबसे ज्यादा प्रभावित इलाके हैं। पिछले एक दशक से कई इलाके लगातार अत्यधिक गर्मी की चपेट में बने हुए हैं। व्यावसायिक परिसर, संस्थागत क्षेत्र, इंडस्ट्रियल एरिया, घनी आबादी वाली कॉलोनिया सबसे ज्यादा गर्मी झेल रहे हैं। हाई-प्रोफाइल इलाके भी चपेट में रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक, भारत मंडपम, ईस्ट किदवई नगर हाउसिंग कॉम्प्लेक्स, वर्ल्ड ट्रेड सेंटर सफदरजंग और नेताजी नगर जैसे नए इलाके भी भारी हीट स्ट्रेस का सामना कर रहे हैं। भविष्य की कॉलोनियों और इमारतों की योजना इस तरह बनानी होगी कि वे गर्मी को बढ़ाने के बजाय कम करने में मदद करें। वॉर्ड स्तर पर भी गंभीर हालात दिल्ली के 56% वॉर्ड ऐसे हैं, जहां 75% से ज्यादा इलाका लगातार हीट स्ट्रेस की चपेट में है। 272 में से 82 वॉर्ड में 90% से ज्यादा हिस्से में अत्यधिक गर्मी है। 17 वॉर्ड पूरी तरह हीट-स्ट्रेस वाले इलाकों में आते है। तुर्कमान गेट, बल्लीमारान और बाजार सीताराम सबसे ज्यादा गर्मी वाले इलाकों में है।

Jamia Millia Islamia student’s project can help Delhi’s unauthorised colonies ride out a heat wave

Before beginning her doctoral work, Gul attended seminars, conferences and a residential training programme organised by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) focused on climate change and urban heat. “That programme impacted me deeply,” she said. “After that, I decided I would pursue my PhD in this area.” Living in Abul Fazal Enclave, a densely-packed neighbourhood in south-east Delhi, pushed architecture student and researcher, Yusra Gul, to think about heat resilience in informal, urban settlements. In the first year of PhD at Jamia Millia Islamia’s Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, Gul has proposed ways to cool down “urban jungles” like Delhi’s unplanned residential settlements. Before beginning her doctoral work, Gul attended seminars, conferences and a residential training programme organised by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) focused on climate change and urban heat. “That programme impacted me deeply,” she said. “After that, I decided I would pursue my PhD in this area.” Three simple, cost-effective solutions she proposed as part of her project, ‘Borrowed Sky: Collective Roofscapes as Thermal Commons in Informal Settlements’, won second place in the “Rethinking Roofs – Global Competition” organised by Europe-based Informal Settlements to Build, in partnership with the Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies.

भीषण गर्मी से बढ़ेगी पानी की मांग, सुनीता नारायण ने बताया भारत के जल संकट का समाधान

सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरनमेंट (सीएसई) की महानिदेशक सुनीता नारायण ने कहा कि भारत इस समय जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण पानी के बड़े संकट से जूझ रहा है। भीषण गर्मी की वजह से पानी की मांग भी और बढ़ने वाली है। लेकिन हमें यह समझना होगा कि इसके लिए सिर्फ मौसम का बदलाव जिम्मेदार नहीं है। असली समस्या यह है कि हम अब तक देश के सभी लोगों को साफ पानी पहुंचाने के लिए एक सस्ती और बेहतर जल प्रबंधन प्रणाली नहीं बना पाए हैं। दिव्यांग वाघेला सहित कई बड़े अधिकारी और विशेषज्ञ शामिल हुए वह सीएसई और टाटा ट्रस्ट द्वारा ग्रामीण इलाकों में पानी और बहते हुए गंदे पानी के सही प्रबंधन को लेकर शुक्रवार को इंडिया हैबीटेट सेंटर में आयोजित एक कार्यशाला में बोल रही थीं। इस कार्यक्रम में जल शक्ति मंत्रालय के सचिव अशोक के. के. मीना, नीति आयोग के कार्यक्रम निदेशक युगल किशोर जोशी और टाटा ट्रस्ट के दिव्यांग वाघेला सहित कई बड़े अधिकारी और विशेषज्ञ शामिल हुए। कार्यशाला में विशेषज्ञों ने बताया कि सरकार के 'जल जीवन मिशन' के तहत ग्रामीण इलाकों के 80 प्रतिशत से अधिक घरों तक पाइप से पानी पहुंचा दिया गया है। लेकिन अब सबसे बड़ी चुनौती इन जल स्रोतों को हमेशा के लिए बचाए रखने की है। इसके लिए जमीन के नीचे के पानी (भूजल) को फिर से रिचार्ज करना और गंदे पानी को साफ करके दोबारा इस्तेमाल में लाना जरूरी है। सरकार ने इसके लिए उत्तर प्रदेश के बांदा व बिजनौर और राजस्थान के पाली जिलों में कुछ खास अध्ययन भी किए हैं।

Developed countries exceed $100bn climate finance goal for third consecutive year – OECD

Sehr Raheja, Programme Officer, Climate Change and Green Economy, Centre for Science and Environment (India), said: “The report shows developed countries exceeded the $100 billion goal for the third consecutive year, but the target was met two years late and remains modest against the new $300 billion NCQG goal and aspirational $1.3 trillion target. The report also raises important questions around quality and equity, for instance, loans continue to dominate public climate finance, and the share of concessional bilateral loans declined. Lastly, most mobilised private finance continues to flow to middle-income countries and mitigation projects, reiterating that private capital follows bankability rather than climate vulnerability or need.”

How industrial belts, dense colonies and unplanned settlements turned into Delhi’s hottest zones

Between 2015 and 2024, over 75% of Delhi’s land area has remained under recurring heat stress, with industrial belts, dense residential neighbourhoods and unplanned settlements emerging as some of the city’s hottest zones, according to a new report by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). Using Landsat data from 2015 to 2024 and Census 2011 data, the centre conducted a geospatial analysis to identify areas persistently crossing a land surface temperature (LST) threshold of 45 degrees Celsius. The study found that the LST reached as high as 60.7 degrees Celsius during the summer months in locations such as Indira Gandhi International Airport or in areas with unsown agricultural “The newly-built Bharat Mandapam and the redeveloped East Kidwai Nagar housing complex, as well as the World Trade Centre in Safdarjung and Netaji Nagar, are equally heat-stressed. As Delhi continues to redevelop, it will need to actively find ways to ensure that the new built-up fabric does not add to the entrapment of heat and instead, mitigates it,” stated the report titled ‘Making Delhi heat-resilient: a roadmap with the focus on vulnerable groups.’ The areas that have persistently crossed the heat stress threshold over the decade are the Walled City and its extensions, Karol Bagh, Kashmere Gate ISBT, and Connaught Place (Inner Circle) in central Delhi. South-west, west and north-west Delhi – with dense neighbourhoods such as Uttam Nagar, Palam, Dabri, Najafgarh, Kanjhawala, Budh Vihar, Bawana and Narela – also feature among the hotspots. Places such as Bawana Industrial Area, Sultanpur Dabas, Puth Khurd, Anand Parbat Industrial Area, Khera Kalan, Mayapuri, Libaspur, Balli Maran, Mangolpuri Industrial Area Phase II and Mundka Industrial Area have also emerged as hotspots. In addition, several residential areas are recording an LST ranging from 44 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius. Hotspots in south Delhi include Mahipalpur, Aya Nagar, Bhikaji Cama Place, AIIMS, RK Puram, Kotla Mubarakpur, Sarai Kale Khan, parts of Green Parkand Greater Kailash, East of Kailash and Lajpat Nagar.

Study Finds Heat and Drought Are Hitting Indian Cities More Often

On Monday, Rajgarh recorded 45 degrees Celsius. Twenty-two districts crossed 44 degrees. The India Meteorological Department has warned that temperatures may climb another two to three degrees in the coming days In Bhopal, water levels in the Upper Lake have begun falling. Indore, Ujjain, Ratlam, Dhar, and Dewas are under orange alert for severe heatwave day and night. Elsewhere in the state, road tar melted in Bhopal’s streets. In Indore, a wedding procession arranged 20 jumbo coolers and a covered tent along the route just to protect guests from the afternoon sun. This is Madhya Pradesh in May 2026. And a new study published early this month in the journal Urban Climate says such conditions, once episodic, have become increasingly recurrent. The researchers at Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, and Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT) Bhopal, led by Prof. Somil Swarnkar, with PhD researcher Vaishnavi Sahu and Prof. Vikas Poonia, analyzed 65 years of climate data across all 100 cities listed under India’s Smart Cities Mission. The study found that extreme heat and drought now hit Indian cities together. During the early period from 1958–1980, extreme heat and drought used to strike together once every 10 to 25 months in the early decades. Now, from 2001 to 2023, they return every three to five months. And, the consequence of this, as the study explains, is that water systems have no recovery window. “This is not a one-time event,” Swarnkar said. “When dry conditions develop, the water area decreases,” Prof. Swarnkar said. “That increases heat. These two give each other positive feedback loops — one process multiplies the other.” Days and Deaths “Temperatures are rising globally, and Madhya Pradesh is no exception,” said Dr. Divya E. Surendran, scientist at the India Meteorological Department’s Bhopal office. The state experienced 176 days of extreme weather, nearly double the national average of 90 days, according to the Centre for Science and Environment. Between March and May 2024, Madhya Pradesh recorded the highest number of confirmed heat-related deaths in India, with 56 nationwide, and nearly 25,000 suspected heatstroke cases. In northern Madhya Pradesh, districts including Bhind, Morena, and Gwalior face rising temperatures year-round. In the east, Sidhi, Shahdol, and Satna now endure less monsoon rain and more heat simultaneously. “Sidhi district is among the worst affected,” Poonia, co-author of the study and faculty at MANIT Bhopal, told Ground Report. “The combination of heat and low rainfall is strongest here. It affects crops, groundwater, and even drinking water.”

Why the EU’s new aviation policy could reignite debate on carbon markets

Around a decade after the EU-ETS, a global mechanism for regulating aviation emissions was launched. “Amidst a lot of discussion about the efficacy and reliability of carbon markets, the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) came into play,” Trishant Dev, Deputy Program Manager at the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), New Delhi, told The Indian Express.

Far from meeting developing nations’ needs: Climate activists on OECD report

Climate finance has continued to grow, with developed countries providing and mobilising USD 132.8 billion in climate finance for developing countries in 2023 and USD 136.7 billion in 2024, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) said in a new report on Thursday. However, the scale of climate finance mobilised is far below what countries are expected to provide annually from 2035 onwards under the new collective quantified goal (NCQG), according to the OECD report. The OECD is an international organisation of 38 countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress, and consists mostly of high-income countries. In 2009, at the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) in Copenhagen, developed countries committed to a goal of raising USD 100 billion a year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries. They specified that the finance would come from a wide variety of sources — public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative ones. The climate finance goal was formalised at COP16 in Cancun but was not delivered until 2022. In 2024, countries set a new climate finance goal, committing to deliver at least USD 300 billion annually for developing countries for climate action by 2035. This remains far from meeting developing countries’ financial needs to fund their climate action, Climate Action Network (CAN) said in a statement on Thursday. “This is against the backdrop of the ongoing US-Israel war on Iran and across the Southwest Asia and North Africa region, which is creating a severe economic shock for developing countries that simultaneously reduces their ability to fund climate action and increases their vulnerability,” it added. Those numbers have to be read within a broader context of steep Overseas Development Aid cuts since 2024, CAN stressed. HT reported in 2024 that India was particularly concerned about the low NCQG target. Several developing country negotiators, including India, described the decision as “too little, too late.” Developing countries had quantified their needs at at least USD 600 billion annually. “The OECD report shows developed countries exceeded the $100bn goal for the third consecutive year, but the target was met two years late and remains modest against the new $300bn NCQG goal and aspirational $1.3tn target. The report also raises important questions around quality and equity, for instance, loans continue to dominate public climate finance, and the share of concessional bilateral loans declined. Lastly, most mobilised private finance continues to flow to middle-income countries and mitigation projects, reiterating that private capital follows bankability rather than climate vulnerability or need,” programme officer for Climate Change and Green Economy at Centre for Science and Environment (India), Sehr Raheja, said. Head of Climate at CAN Europe Sven Harmeling said in a statement, “A further increase in climate finance is urgently needed to support countries and communities in the Global South to confront the climate crisis. While the OECD report signals that such an increase took place in 2024, many European countries then cut their climate finance spending in 2025. These harsh cuts breach their obligations to provide such support, undermines Europe’s reputation as a credible partner, and is against Europe’s strategic interests in every sense of the word.”

Severe heatwave pushes India’s power grid to a historic 270GW milestone

“This summer has been testing India’s power generation system and grid resilience, with electricity demand repeatedly breaking records. Around midday, solar alone was contributing nearly 80 GW of power, roughly one-third of India’s total generation at that hour. While thermal power remains the balancing backbone of the system, solar, along with other renewables, is doing significant heavy lifting during daytime hours,” said Trishant Dev, deputy programme manager, Climate Change and Green Economy, Centre for Science and Environment.

भारत के शहर क्यों बन रहे हैं आग के गोले

मध्य प्रदेश ने राज्य जलवायु परिवर्तन क्रियान्वयन योजना 2023–28 तैयार की है, जिसमें 97,000 करोड़ रुपये का बजट प्रस्तावित है। लेकिन पर्यावरण विभाग का बजट मात्र 31 करोड़ रुपये है। जबकि सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरनमेंट की रिपोर्ट बताती है कि जनवरी 2022 से 2025 तक मध्य प्रदेश ने 598 दिनों में गंभीर मौसम का सामना किया है और इस दौरान 1,439 लोगों की मौतें हुई है। सरकार जलवायु संकट की गंभीरता को प्राथमिकता नहीं दे रही है। जबकि पूरी दुनिया जलवायु संकट से निपटने के लिए निवेश बढ़ा रही है, तब मध्य प्रदेश सरकार को ठोस कार्ययोजना बनाने का प्रयास करना चाहिए।

We're doing so little to combat climate change: Sunita Narain

In an interview with India Today, Sunita Narain, Director General of the Centre for Science and Environment, discussed the heatwaves impacting India and the need for better urban planning. She explained that the current crisis is a combination of climate change and environmental mismanagement. Narain stated, 'The world has now seen searing heat across, and temperature rise, given the fact that we're doing so little to combat climate change, is inevitable.' She highlighted the dangers of modern city construction, noting that building 'Gurgaon-style' glass structures traps heat and increases reliance on air conditioning. Furthermore, she pointed out the trend of night-time temperatures failing to drop, which impacts human health. To mitigate these effects, Narain recommended updating building codes for better insulation and shading, improving city-wide tree cover, and issuing public health advisories. Finally, she emphasised the necessity of officially classifying heatwaves as national disasters to unlock funding for better heat management and disaster response mechanisms across all states.

ESG Compliance for Export‐Oriented Manufacturing in India: A Regulatory and Strategic Guide for 2026

On January 1, 2026, the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) entered its definitive phase, imposing a carbon levy on imports of steel, iron, aluminium, cement, fertilizers, and hydrogen into the EU. The price of CBAM certificates is linked to EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) allowances, currently trading between €87 and €90 per tonne of CO2. For Indian exporters, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) estimates this could impose a price burden of approximately 25% on affected steel and aluminium exports to Europe. This is not an isolated development. In April 2026, the European Parliament's ENVI Committee proposed expanding CBAM to approximately 180 additional steel and aluminium‐based manufactured products from January 2028, extending the levy deeper into the manufacturing value chain to cover fabricated metal products, tubes, pipes, fasteners, structural components, machinery parts, and engineering goods. Simultaneously, the EU's Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) requires EU companies to conduct human rights and environmental due diligence across their entire value chains, with member states transposing the directive into national law by July 2026 and full compliance required by July 2029. Inside India, SEBI's Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) framework now mandates ESG disclosure for the top 1,000 listed companies, with enhanced BRSR Core requirements (covering 9 key ESG attributes with mandatory reasonable assurance) applying to the top 150 to 500 companies on a phased basis. From FY 2025‐26, value chain ESG disclosures become applicable for the top 250 companies, with mandatory third‐party assessment or assurance beginning in FY 2026‐27. For Indian export‐oriented manufacturers, ESG compliance has shifted from a corporate branding exercise to a concrete regulatory and commercial requirement that determines market access, supply chain eligibility, cost competitiveness, and access to capital. This guide examines the specific regulations now shaping ESG requirements, their impact on Indian manufacturing sectors, and the practical frameworks manufacturers need to achieve compliance.