Study Finds Heat and Drought Are Hitting Indian Cities More Often
On Monday, Rajgarh recorded 45 degrees Celsius. Twenty-two districts crossed 44 degrees. The India Meteorological Department has warned that temperatures may climb another two to three degrees in the coming days In Bhopal, water levels in the Upper Lake have begun falling. Indore, Ujjain, Ratlam, Dhar, and Dewas are under orange alert for severe heatwave day and night. Elsewhere in the state, road tar melted in Bhopal’s streets. In Indore, a wedding procession arranged 20 jumbo coolers and a covered tent along the route just to protect guests from the afternoon sun. This is Madhya Pradesh in May 2026. And a new study published early this month in the journal Urban Climate says such conditions, once episodic, have become increasingly recurrent. The researchers at Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, and Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT) Bhopal, led by Prof. Somil Swarnkar, with PhD researcher Vaishnavi Sahu and Prof. Vikas Poonia, analyzed 65 years of climate data across all 100 cities listed under India’s Smart Cities Mission. The study found that extreme heat and drought now hit Indian cities together. During the early period from 1958–1980, extreme heat and drought used to strike together once every 10 to 25 months in the early decades. Now, from 2001 to 2023, they return every three to five months. And, the consequence of this, as the study explains, is that water systems have no recovery window. “This is not a one-time event,” Swarnkar said. “When dry conditions develop, the water area decreases,” Prof. Swarnkar said. “That increases heat. These two give each other positive feedback loops — one process multiplies the other.” Days and Deaths “Temperatures are rising globally, and Madhya Pradesh is no exception,” said Dr. Divya E. Surendran, scientist at the India Meteorological Department’s Bhopal office. The state experienced 176 days of extreme weather, nearly double the national average of 90 days, according to the Centre for Science and Environment. Between March and May 2024, Madhya Pradesh recorded the highest number of confirmed heat-related deaths in India, with 56 nationwide, and nearly 25,000 suspected heatstroke cases. In northern Madhya Pradesh, districts including Bhind, Morena, and Gwalior face rising temperatures year-round. In the east, Sidhi, Shahdol, and Satna now endure less monsoon rain and more heat simultaneously. “Sidhi district is among the worst affected,” Poonia, co-author of the study and faculty at MANIT Bhopal, told Ground Report. “The combination of heat and low rainfall is strongest here. It affects crops, groundwater, and even drinking water.”
