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आखिर क्यों बदल रहा मौसम का मिजाज? मॉनसून के पहले भीषण गर्मी का टूटा 6 साल पुराना रिकॉर्ड

नई दिल्ली: इस साल गर्मी के मौसम (Temperature This Year) ने देश में मॉनसून पूर्व दूसरे सर्वाधिक गर्म मौसम के तौर पर 2016 का रिकार्ड तोड़ दिया। जबकि सर्दियों का मौसम या मॉनसून (Monsoon Season) बाद के मौसम में तेजी से तापमान बढ़ रहा है। सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड इन्वायरोंमेंट (CSE) के अर्बन लैब के नए रिपोर्ट में यह कहा गया है। अध्ययन के मुताबिक, दिल्ली में भू-सतह का तापमान 2010 से सर्वाधिक रहा है और शहर में तापमान के सभी तीन मानदंडों पर उम्मीद से अधिक तापमान दर्ज किया गया। आखिर क्यों बढ़ रहा है तापमान गर्मी बढ़ने की प्रवृत्ति को समझने की कोशिश के तहत सीएसई ने सतह वायु तापमान, भू-सतह तापमान और सापेक्षिक आर्द्रता (उष्मा सूचकांक) की तापमान प्रवृत्तियों का विश्लेषण किया। अध्ययन में कहा गया है कि दिल्ली में वायु तापमान 2010 की तुलना में 1.77 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक गर्म रहा है और भू-सतह तापमान 1.95 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक गर्म रहा है। Delhi-NCR Weather Today: उमस भरी गर्मी से राहत देने वाली बारिश दिल्लीवालों से हुई एक और दिन दूर, अब गुरुवार से शनिवार के बीच बारिश की संभावना तापमान बढ़ने से लोग हुए असहज सीएसई की स्टडी में कहा गया है कि प्रतिदिन औसत उष्मा सूचकांक जून 2022 में 40 डिग्री सेल्सियस को पार कर गया। इसमें कहा गया है कि दिल्ली में मार्च और अप्रैल का महीना आमतौर पर सामान्य रहा लेकिन मई में छिटपुट स्थानों पर बारिश की बौछार पड़ने के साथ आर्द्रता बढ़नी शुरू हो गई। हालांकि, आर्द्रता में इस वृद्धि ने शहर में उष्मा सूचकांक को बढ़ा दिया जिससे संकेत मिलता है कि तापमान बढ़ने से लोगों ने असहजता महसूस की। Delhi Rain: तारीख पर तारीख… दिल्ली की बारिश का अनुमान लगाने में क्यों गच्चा खा रहा है मौसम विभाग, वजह जान लीजिए मई 2022 में सर्वाधिक तापमान सीएसई के अध्ययन में कहा गया है, सर्वाधिक भू-सतह तापमान 16 मई 2020 को दर्ज किया गया जब शहर में यह 53.9 डिग्री सेल्सियस रहा। इसके बाद मई 2022 में सर्वाधिक भू-सतह तापमान 51.8 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया। पिछले वर्षों में अधिकतम भू -सतह तापमान 45 डिग्री सेल्सियस के आसपास दर्ज किया गया था।

Pre-Monsoon Season 2nd Hottest Ever, But Post-Monsoon Warming Faster: Study

सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड अर्बन लैब के नवीनतम निष्कर्षों के अनुसार, इस साल गर्मी या प्री-मानसून सीजन ने देश में दूसरे सबसे गर्म प्री-मॉनसून सीजन के रूप में 2016 के रिकॉर्ड को पीछे छोड़ दिया है, वहीं सर्दी और मानसून के बाद के मौसम तेजी से गर्म हो रहे हैं। पर्यावरण। अध्ययन के अनुसार, दिल्ली में भूमि की सतह का तापमान 2010 के बाद से सबसे अधिक रहा है और शहर ने तीनों तापमान मापदंडों पर महत्वपूर्ण सकारात्मक विसंगति (उम्मीद से अधिक तापमान) दर्ज की है। वार्मिंग प्रवृत्ति को व्यापक रूप से समझने के लिए, सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरनमेंट (सीएसई) के अध्ययन ने गर्मी के तनाव के सभी तीन आयामों – सतही वायु तापमान, भूमि की सतह के तापमान और सापेक्ष आर्द्रता को कवर करके तापमान प्रवृत्तियों का विश्लेषण किया है। ताप सूचकांक)। अध्ययन में कहा गया है कि दिल्ली में, हवा का तापमान 2010 की तुलना में 1.77 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक गर्म रहा है, और भूमि की सतह का तापमान 1.95 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक गर्म है। सीएसई के विश्लेषण के अनुसार, जून, 2022 में दैनिक औसत ताप सूचकांक 40 डिग्री सेल्सियस को पार कर गया। इसने कहा कि दिल्ली में मार्च और अप्रैल असामान्य रूप से शुष्क रहे हैं, लेकिन मई में कुछ छिटपुट बारिश के साथ आर्द्रता बढ़ने लगी। लेकिन आर्द्रता में इस वृद्धि से शहर में गर्मी सूचकांक में वृद्धि हुई है, जो आबादी के बीच थर्मल असुविधा में वृद्धि का संकेत देता है। “भूमि की सतह का उच्चतम तापमान 16 मई, 2020 को देखा गया था, जब शहर की सीमा के भीतर 53.9 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया था, इसके बाद 14 मई, 2022 को अधिकतम भूमि की सतह का तापमान 51.8 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया था। पिछले वर्षों में, अधिकतम भूमि की सतह का तापमान देखा गया था। 40 के दशक के मध्य में होने के लिए,” सीएसई के निष्कर्षों में कहा गया है। इसने आगे कहा कि मई, 2022 में हीटवेव के दौरान, दिल्ली भर में भूमि की सतह का तापमान 38 डिग्री सेल्सियस से ऊपर चला गया, जो “असामान्य था क्योंकि शहर के भीतर हरे रंग की जेबें पिछले वर्षों में इस परिमाण तक गर्म नहीं हुई हैं,” और यह कि औसत भूमि की सतह का तापमान दैनिक औसत हवा के तापमान से अधिक हो रहा है। “औद्योगिक और कृषि क्षेत्र में मार्च से मई के बीच भूमि की सतह के तापमान में सबसे अधिक वृद्धि दर्ज की गई है। उत्तर, दक्षिण-पश्चिम और उत्तर-पश्चिम दिल्ली में शहर की परिधि के क्षेत्रों में 19 मार्च से 14 मई, 2022 तक अत्यधिक उच्च सतह के तापमान में वृद्धि देखी गई है।” अध्ययन ने कहा। अध्ययन में आगे कहा गया है कि मई में जलाशयों का तापमान भी बढ़कर 29-30 डिग्री सेल्सियस हो गया, जो मार्च में 27 डिग्री सेल्सियस से नीचे था। दिल्ली के स्टेशनों के बीच हवा के तापमान भिन्नता पर सीएसई के विश्लेषण के अनुसार, चांदनी चौक में 14 मई, 2022 को उच्चतम औसत हवा का तापमान 40.39 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया, इसके बाद पंजाबी बाग में 40.29 डिग्री सेल्सियस, मुंडका में 39.5 डिग्री सेल्सियस और पहाड़गंज में 39.1 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया। . सीएसई ने कहा कि शहर के विश्लेषण का उद्देश्य जलवायु परिवर्तन से प्रेरित बेमौसम हीटवेव के संयुक्त प्रभाव को समझना था। अध्ययन तापमान विसंगतियों के तुलनात्मक सांख्यिकीय विश्लेषण और भारतीय शहरों और क्षेत्रों में गर्मी से संबंधित प्रभाव पर आधारित है।

Latest News: प्री-मानसून सीजन दूसरा अब तक का सबसे गर्म, लेकिन पोस्ट-मॉनसून वार्मिंग तेज: अध्ययन

सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड अर्बन लैब के नवीनतम निष्कर्षों के अनुसार, इस साल गर्मी या प्री-मानसून सीजन ने देश में दूसरे सबसे गर्म प्री-मॉनसून सीजन के रूप में 2016 के रिकॉर्ड को पीछे छोड़ दिया है, वहीं सर्दी और मानसून के बाद के मौसम तेजी से गर्म हो रहे हैं। पर्यावरण। अध्ययन के अनुसार, दिल्ली में भूमि की सतह का तापमान 2010 के बाद से सबसे अधिक रहा है और शहर ने तीनों तापमान मापदंडों पर महत्वपूर्ण सकारात्मक विसंगति (उम्मीद से अधिक तापमान) दर्ज की है। वार्मिंग प्रवृत्ति को व्यापक रूप से समझने के लिए, सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरनमेंट (सीएसई) के अध्ययन ने गर्मी के तनाव के सभी तीन आयामों – सतही वायु तापमान, भूमि की सतह के तापमान और सापेक्ष आर्द्रता को कवर करके तापमान प्रवृत्तियों का विश्लेषण किया है। ताप सूचकांक)। अध्ययन में कहा गया है कि दिल्ली में, हवा का तापमान 2010 की तुलना में 1.77 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक गर्म रहा है, और भूमि की सतह का तापमान 1.95 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक गर्म है। सीएसई के विश्लेषण के अनुसार, जून, 2022 में दैनिक औसत ताप सूचकांक 40 डिग्री सेल्सियस को पार कर गया। इसने कहा कि दिल्ली में मार्च और अप्रैल असामान्य रूप से शुष्क रहे हैं, लेकिन मई में कुछ छिटपुट बारिश के साथ आर्द्रता बढ़ने लगी। लेकिन आर्द्रता में इस वृद्धि से शहर में गर्मी सूचकांक में वृद्धि हुई है, जो आबादी के बीच थर्मल असुविधा में वृद्धि का संकेत देता है। “भूमि की सतह का उच्चतम तापमान 16 मई, 2020 को देखा गया था, जब शहर की सीमा के भीतर 53.9 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया था, इसके बाद 14 मई, 2022 को अधिकतम भूमि की सतह का तापमान 51.8 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया था। पिछले वर्षों में, अधिकतम भूमि की सतह का तापमान देखा गया था। 40 के दशक के मध्य में होने के लिए,” सीएसई के निष्कर्षों में कहा गया है। इसने आगे कहा कि मई, 2022 में हीटवेव के दौरान, दिल्ली भर में भूमि की सतह का तापमान 38 डिग्री सेल्सियस से ऊपर चला गया, जो “असामान्य था क्योंकि शहर के भीतर हरे रंग की जेबें पिछले वर्षों में इस परिमाण तक गर्म नहीं हुई हैं,” और यह कि औसत भूमि की सतह का तापमान दैनिक औसत हवा के तापमान से अधिक हो रहा है। “औद्योगिक और कृषि क्षेत्र में मार्च से मई के बीच भूमि की सतह के तापमान में सबसे अधिक वृद्धि दर्ज की गई है। उत्तर, दक्षिण-पश्चिम और उत्तर-पश्चिम दिल्ली में शहर की परिधि के क्षेत्रों में 19 मार्च से 14 मई, 2022 तक अत्यधिक उच्च सतह के तापमान में वृद्धि देखी गई है।” अध्ययन ने कहा। अध्ययन में आगे कहा गया है कि मई में जलाशयों का तापमान भी बढ़कर 29-30 डिग्री सेल्सियस हो गया, जो मार्च में 27 डिग्री सेल्सियस से नीचे था। दिल्ली के स्टेशनों के बीच हवा के तापमान भिन्नता पर सीएसई के विश्लेषण के अनुसार, चांदनी चौक में 14 मई, 2022 को उच्चतम औसत हवा का तापमान 40.39 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया, इसके बाद पंजाबी बाग में 40.29 डिग्री सेल्सियस, मुंडका में 39.5 डिग्री सेल्सियस और पहाड़गंज में 39.1 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया। . सीएसई ने कहा कि शहर के विश्लेषण का उद्देश्य जलवायु परिवर्तन से प्रेरित बेमौसम हीटवेव के संयुक्त प्रभाव को समझना था। अध्ययन तापमान विसंगतियों के तुलनात्मक सांख्यिकीय विश्लेषण और भारतीय शहरों और क्षेत्रों में गर्मी से संबंधित प्रभाव पर आधारित है।

Monsoon hotter than summer, above-average temperature recorded this year, people in bad shape: Study

It is generally believed that the monsoon summer (Monsoon summer) brings relief. But this time it was not seen that way. Only an increase in temperature has been recorded since June. If we compare the period 1951 to 1980 at the national level, then we find that the temperature between March and May was 0.3 degrees Celsius higher than this year. The summer season this year surpassed the 2016 record as the second hottest pre-monsoon season in the country, while the winter or post-monsoon season sees a rapid rise in temperature. That’s according to the Center for Science and the Environment’s (CSE) Urban Lab’s latest analysis. According to the study, the ground surface temperature in Delhi is the highest since 2010 and the city recorded above expected temperatures in all three temperature parameters. In an effort to understand the warming trend, CSE analyzed temperature trends in surface air temperature, land surface temperature, and relative humidity (heat index). The study said that the air temperature in Delhi was 1.77 °C higher than in 2010 and the land surface temperature was 1.95 °C higher.

Cities like Mumbai 1-2 degrees Celsius hotter than surrounding areas: CSE report

Mega cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Hyderabad are hotter than the larger region surrounding them due to a phenomenon known as 'heat island effect' caused by surface absorption of heat and local-waste heat generated by traffic, industrial pollution, air-conditioning and other urban activities, found an analysis by the Centre for Science & Environment (CSE) on Thursday. "The seasonal average of Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Hyderabad was 1-2 degrees Celsius higher than the all-India average and 2.5-3.8 degrees Celsius higher than northwest India. This is due to the urban heat island phenomenon," CSE said. Due to excessive hard and dark surfaces, cities tend to absorb the heat coming from the sun during the day and also generate a lot of waste heat due to human activities, which add to the natural heat, such as the use of air conditioners. The extra heat is trapped and is unable to dissipate after sunset due to pollution and continuing waste heat generation. As a result, the city fails to cool down leading to warmer conditions compared to rural areas. The CSE study looked into the temperature and humidity data collected by the real-time air quality monitoring network and found massive variations in temperature within the cities. In terms of absolute air temperature, Mumbai's was 5.5 degrees Celsius variation while the same for Delhi was 6.2 degrees Celsius. From a heat index perspective, Mumbai leads the group with a 17.3 degrees Celsius variation. Hyderabad with a 7.1 degrees Celsius variation had the most pronounced heat islands, while Kolkata with just 1.3 degrees Celsius had the least pronounced ones. "From the land surface temperature perspective, it is Delhi in the lead with a 24.6 degrees Celsius variation," the analysis said. The difference among the cities can be explained by the environmental difference in the nature of the heat in their regions, as well as the differences in their topography and land use patterns. But the fact that all four cities show significant variations in their intra-city temperatures (in all three forms) is strong evidence of urban heat island problems within the cities, it said. Heat index that accounts for both temperature and humidity shows Mumbai, Kolkata and Hyderabad more stressed than Delhi this summer. Even though the seasonal average daily maximum air temperature in Delhi has been 1.5-2.8 degrees Celsius higher than the other three metros, in terms of heat index Kolkata was significantly hotter. Monsoon is hotter than the pre-monsoon period on average, while winter and post-monsoon seasons are warming up faster, the analysis said. "At an all-India level, the monsoon season - June, July, August and September, as per IMD classification - has been 0.3-0.4 degrees Celsius hotter than pre-monsoon (or summer)," CSE said adding, "What's more? It is getting hotter with time!" The decadal average temperatures for pre-monsoon or summer period are now 0.49 per cent hotter than the long term normal (1951-80 baseline). "This is a significant increase, but it pales in front of the increase noted among the decadal average temperatures for the other three seasons. The post-monsoon period - October, November and December as per IMD classification - is hotter by 0.73 per cent. Similarly, the winter - January and February as per IMD classification - has been warmer by 0.68 degrees Celsius, and during the monsoon by 0.58 degrees Celsius," the CSE analysis said.

Monsoon gets hotter than summer, says cse study

CST study on summer monsoon: A study by the Center for Science and the Environment found that monsoons get hotter than summer. A temperature increase has been registered compared to earlier. It is generally believed that the monsoon summer (monsoon summer) provides relief. But this time it is not seen that way. Since June, only a temperature increase has been recorded. If we compare the time from 1951 to 1980 on a national level, it turns out that the temperature between March and May was 0.3 degrees Celsius higher than this year. This year, the summer season broke the 2016 record as the second hottest pre-monsoon season in the country while the winter season or post-monsoon season is witnessing a rapid rise in temperature. This is apparent from the latest analysis by the Urban Lab of the Center for Science and Environment (CSE). According to the study, the ground surface temperature in Delhi is the highest since 2010, and the city recorded above-expected temperatures on all three temperature parameters. In an effort to understand the warming trend, CSE analyzed the temperature trends of surface air temperature, ground surface temperature and relative humidity (heat index). According to the study, the air temperature in Delhi was 1.77°C warmer than in 2010, and the ground surface temperature was 1.95°C higher. temperature exceeded 40 degrees Celsius The CSE analysis said the average daily heat index crossed 40 degrees Celsius in June 2022. It said March and April were generally normal in Delhi, but in May, humidity started to pick up with rain showers in isolated places. However, this increase in humidity increased the heat index in the city, indicating that people were uncomfortable with the rise in temperature. The CSE study said the highest surface temperature was recorded on May 16, 2020. Then it was 53.9 degrees Celsius in the city. After this, the highest surface temperature of 51.8°C was recorded in May 2022. The maximum temperature of the ground surface measured in previous years was around 45 degrees Celsius. Powered by Hooligan Media The study said the industrial and agricultural sectors recorded the largest increase in ground surface temperature between March and May. CSE said the goal of this analysis of city temperature is to understand the impact of unusual hot winds on climate change. Follow GNT NEWS on Social Media for the Latest News and Updates.

Pre-Monsoon Season 2nd Hottest Ever, But Post-Monsoon Warming Faster: Study

According to the study, land surface temperatures in Delhi have been the highest since 2010 and that the city recorded significant positive anomaly (temperature higher than expected) on all three temperature parameters. While summer or pre-monsoon season this year has overtaken 2016 records as the second hottest pre-monsoon season in the country, winter and post-monsoon seasons are warming up faster, according to the latest findings by the Urban Lab of Centre for Science and Environment. According to the study, land surface temperatures in Delhi have been the highest since 2010 and that the city recorded significant positive anomaly (temperature higher than expected) on all three temperature parameters. In a bid to understand the warming trend in a comprehensive way, the study by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has analysed the temperature trends by covering all three dimensions of heat stress - surface air temperature, land surface temperature, and relative humidity (heat index). In Delhi, air temperature has been 1.77 degrees Celsius hotter than 2010, and the land surface temperature 1.95 degrees Celsius hotter, the study said. According to the CSE analysis, the daily average heat index crossed 40 degrees Celsius in June, 2022. It said March and April have been unusually dry in Delhi, but humidity started to rise in May with some scattered rain spells. But this spike in humidity has led to an increase in the heat index in the city, indicating increased thermal discomfort among the population. "The highest land surface temperature was observed on May 16, 2020 when 53.9 degrees Celsius was recorded within city limits, followed by May 14, 2022 with maximum land surface temperature of 51.8 degrees Celsius. In the previous years, maximum land surface temperature was observed to be in mid-40s range," the CSE findings said. It further said during the heatwave in May, 2022, the land surface temperature across Delhi shot above 38 degrees Celsius, which was "unusual as the green pockets within the city have not heated up to this magnitude in the previous years," and that the average land surface temperature has been getting higher than daily average air temperature. "Industrial and agricultural zone recorded highest increase in land surface temperature between March to May. The regions at the city periphery in the north, southwest, and northwest Delhi have seen the extremely high surface temperature rise from March 19 to May 14, 2022," the study said. The study further noted that even the temperature of the water bodies rose to 29-30 degrees Celsius in May, which were well below 27 degrees Celsius in March. According to CSE's analysis on air temperature variation among Delhi's stations, Chandni Chowk recorded the highest average air temperature on May 14, 2022 with 40.39 degrees Celsius, followed by Punjabi Bagh at 40.29 degrees Celsius, Mundka at 39.5 degrees Celsius and Paharganj at 39.1 degrees Celsius. CSE said the objective of the city analysis was to understand the combined effect of climate change induced unseasonal heatwaves.

प्री-मानसून सीजन दूसरा अब तक का सबसे गर्म, लेकिन पोस्ट-मॉनसून वार्मिंग तेज: अध्ययन

सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड अर्बन लैब के नवीनतम निष्कर्षों के अनुसार, इस साल गर्मी या प्री-मानसून सीजन ने देश में दूसरे सबसे गर्म प्री-मॉनसून सीजन के रूप में 2016 के रिकॉर्ड को पीछे छोड़ दिया है, वहीं सर्दी और मानसून के बाद के मौसम तेजी से गर्म हो रहे हैं। पर्यावरण। अध्ययन के अनुसार, दिल्ली में भूमि की सतह का तापमान 2010 के बाद से सबसे अधिक रहा है और शहर ने तीनों तापमान मापदंडों पर महत्वपूर्ण सकारात्मक विसंगति (उम्मीद से अधिक तापमान) दर्ज की है। वार्मिंग प्रवृत्ति को व्यापक रूप से समझने के लिए, सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरनमेंट (सीएसई) के अध्ययन ने गर्मी के तनाव के सभी तीन आयामों – सतही वायु तापमान, भूमि की सतह के तापमान और सापेक्ष आर्द्रता को कवर करके तापमान प्रवृत्तियों का विश्लेषण किया है। ताप सूचकांक)। अध्ययन में कहा गया है कि दिल्ली में, हवा का तापमान 2010 की तुलना में 1.77 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक गर्म रहा है, और भूमि की सतह का तापमान 1.95 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक गर्म है। सीएसई के विश्लेषण के अनुसार, जून, 2022 में दैनिक औसत ताप सूचकांक 40 डिग्री सेल्सियस को पार कर गया। इसने कहा कि दिल्ली में मार्च और अप्रैल असामान्य रूप से शुष्क रहे हैं, लेकिन मई में कुछ छिटपुट बारिश के साथ आर्द्रता बढ़ने लगी। लेकिन आर्द्रता में इस वृद्धि से शहर में गर्मी सूचकांक में वृद्धि हुई है, जो आबादी के बीच थर्मल असुविधा में वृद्धि का संकेत देता है। “भूमि की सतह का उच्चतम तापमान 16 मई, 2020 को देखा गया था, जब शहर की सीमा के भीतर 53.9 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया था, इसके बाद 14 मई, 2022 को अधिकतम भूमि की सतह का तापमान 51.8 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया था। पिछले वर्षों में, अधिकतम भूमि की सतह का तापमान देखा गया था। 40 के दशक के मध्य में होने के लिए,” सीएसई के निष्कर्षों में कहा गया है। इसने आगे कहा कि मई, 2022 में हीटवेव के दौरान, दिल्ली भर में भूमि की सतह का तापमान 38 डिग्री सेल्सियस से ऊपर चला गया, जो “असामान्य था क्योंकि शहर के भीतर हरे रंग की जेबें पिछले वर्षों में इस परिमाण तक गर्म नहीं हुई हैं,” और यह कि औसत भूमि की सतह का तापमान दैनिक औसत हवा के तापमान से अधिक हो रहा है। “औद्योगिक और कृषि क्षेत्र में मार्च से मई के बीच भूमि की सतह के तापमान में सबसे अधिक वृद्धि दर्ज की गई है। उत्तर, दक्षिण-पश्चिम और उत्तर-पश्चिम दिल्ली में शहर की परिधि के क्षेत्रों में 19 मार्च से 14 मई, 2022 तक अत्यधिक उच्च सतह के तापमान में वृद्धि देखी गई है।” अध्ययन ने कहा। अध्ययन में आगे कहा गया है कि मई में जलाशयों का तापमान भी बढ़कर 29-30 डिग्री सेल्सियस हो गया, जो मार्च में 27 डिग्री सेल्सियस से नीचे था। दिल्ली के स्टेशनों के बीच हवा के तापमान भिन्नता पर सीएसई के विश्लेषण के अनुसार, चांदनी चौक में 14 मई, 2022 को उच्चतम औसत हवा का तापमान 40.39 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया, इसके बाद पंजाबी बाग में 40.29 डिग्री सेल्सियस, मुंडका में 39.5 डिग्री सेल्सियस और पहाड़गंज में 39.1 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया। . सीएसई ने कहा कि शहर के विश्लेषण का उद्देश्य जलवायु परिवर्तन से प्रेरित बेमौसम हीटवेव के संयुक्त प्रभाव को समझना था।

Pre-Monsoon Season 2nd Hottest Ever, Post-Monsoon Warming Faster: Study

India pre-monsoon season this year is the second hottest ever, a study by CSE says. (Representational) New Delhi: While summer or pre-monsoon season this year has overtaken 2016 records as the second hottest pre-monsoon season in the country, winter and post-monsoon seasons are warming up faster, according to the latest findings by the Urban Lab of Centre for Science and Environment. According to the study, land surface temperatures in Delhi have been the highest since 2010 and that the city recorded significant positive anomaly (temperature higher than expected) on all three temperature parameters. In a bid to understand the warming trend in a comprehensive way, the study by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has analysed the temperature trends by covering all three dimensions of heat stress – surface air temperature, land surface temperature, and relative humidity (heat index). In Delhi, air temperature has been 1.77 degrees Celsius hotter than 2010, and the land surface temperature 1.95 degrees Celsius hotter, the study said. According to the CSE analysis, the daily average heat index crossed 40 degrees Celsius in June, 2022. It said March and April have been unusually dry in Delhi, but humidity started to rise in May with some scattered rain spells. But this spike in humidity has led to an increase in the heat index in the city, indicating increased thermal discomfort among the population. “The highest land surface temperature was observed on May 16, 2020 when 53.9 degrees Celsius was recorded within city limits, followed by May 14, 2022 with maximum land surface temperature of 51.8 degrees Celsius. In the previous years, maximum land surface temperature was observed to be in mid-40s range,” the CSE findings said. It further said during the heatwave in May, 2022, the land surface temperature across Delhi shot above 38 degrees Celsius, which was “unusual as the green pockets within the city have not heated up to this magnitude in the previous years,” and that the average land surface temperature has been getting higher than daily average air temperature. “Industrial and agricultural zone recorded highest increase in land surface temperature between March to May. The regions at the city periphery in the north, southwest, and northwest Delhi have seen the extremely high surface temperature rise from March 19 to May 14, 2022,” the study said. The study further noted that even the temperature of the water bodies rose to 29-30 degrees Celsius in May, which were well below 27 degrees Celsius in March. According to CSE’s analysis on air temperature variation among Delhi’s stations, Chandni Chowk recorded the highest average air temperature on May 14, 2022 with 40.39 degrees Celsius, followed by Punjabi Bagh at 40.29 degrees Celsius, Mundka at 39.5 degrees Celsius and Paharganj at 39.1 degrees Celsius. CSE said the objective of the city analysis was to understand the combined effect of climate change induced unseasonal heatwaves. The study is based on comparative statistical analysis of temperature anomalies and observed heat-related impact in Indian cities and regions.

Monsoon Season in India Is Turning Out To Be Hotter Than The Pre-monsoon Interval This 12 months

Even because the monsoon has made its footfalls felt throughout the nation, there appears to be little respite from the searing warmth – aided by steep rises in humidity ranges — in lots of pockets. The warmth waves lashing India this summer time are symptomatic of the anomalous temperature traits which are anticipated to worsen with rising local weather change impacts. Since 2016, the summer time of 2022 has been the second hottest after the summer time of 2010. Mega cities together with Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Hyderabad are a lot hotter than the bigger area round them on account of warmth island results brought on by floor absorption of warmth and native waste warmth generated by visitors, trade and air-con (amongst different city actions). A brand new country-wide evaluation by Centre for Science and Setting (CSE) signifies whereas excessive warmth waves within the states of the northwest — as per the classification of the India Meteorological Division (IMD) — draw most public consideration, the rise in general anomalous temperature in different areas of the nation have been largely uncared for. “This can be a very disturbing pattern as coverage preparedness to mitigate rising warmth on account of local weather change is sort of absent in India,” says CSE Government Director (Analysis and Advocacy) Anumita Roychowdhury. “With out warmth motion plans, rising air temperature, radiating warmth from land surfaces, concretisation, heat-trapping constructed buildings, waste warmth from industrial processes and air conditioners, and erosion of warmth dousing forests, city greens and waterbodies will worsen public well being dangers. This requires pressing time-bound mitigation,” Roychowdhury provides. “Understanding the general temperature anomaly, excessive warmth situations, and the blended traits in warmth patterns throughout totally different areas of India has turn out to be essential to assess the emergent threat,” says CSE Senior Programme Supervisor (City Lab) Avikal Somvanshi. “At the moment, the eye is basically on the utmost day by day warmth ranges and excessive situations of warmth waves. However it’s equally essential to concentrate to the general rising temperature and humidity traits in several areas to know the gravity of the issue,” provides Somvanshi. The City Lab of CSE has analysed the temperature traits in India from January 2015 until Might 2022. The trouble has been to know the warming traits by protecting all three dimensions of warmth stress — floor air temperature, land floor temperature, and relative humidity (warmth index) — on the nationwide, regional and native ranges. The traits within the metropolises of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Hyderabad (one situated in every of IMD’s 4 homogenous areas) have additionally been assessed. The evaluation has studied the temperature anomaly (which refers to a departure from a reference worth or long-term common or a baseline). A constructive anomaly signifies that the noticed temperature was hotter than the baseline, whereas a adverse anomaly says the noticed temperature was cooler. It’s typically used to report month-to-month, seasonal, annual, or decadal temperature adjustments. Heatwaves are additionally anomalous temperature occasions, however of a lot shorter length and are outlined compared to an absolute temperature threshold along with departure from the conventional. The Key Findings The 2022 pre-monsoon summer time warmth traits overtake 2016 because the second hottest pre-monsoon season on document for India: The seasonal common air temperature for 2022 — pre-monsoon or summer time (March, April and Might as per IMD classification) — is 1.24°C hotter than the baseline traits that relate to 1971-2000 climatology (baselines are outlined primarily based on historic timelines and will differ for various metrics; the anomaly is usually computed from the 1951-1980, 1971-2000, or 1981-2010 climatology baseline). That is hotter than the 1.20°C anomaly famous in 2016 pre-monsoon, however decrease than the 1.45°C anomaly recorded within the 2010 pre-monsoon season. Equally, land floor temperature anomaly has been excessive this pre-monsoon season, with a 1.46°C departure from the baseline (1971-2000). It should be famous that pre-monsoon seasonal traits in each land and air temperature are an identical to the annual traits, however with extra pronounced highs and lows. Monsoon is hotter than the pre-monsoon interval on a mean, whereas winter and post-monsoon seasons are warming up quicker: At an all-India stage, the monsoon season (June, July, August and September as per IMD classification) has been 0.3-0.4°C hotter than pre-monsoon (or summer time) – what’s extra, it’s getting hotter with time. The decadal common temperatures for pre-monsoon or summer time interval are actually 0.49°C hotter than the long run regular (1951-80 baseline). This can be a important improve, but it surely pales in entrance of the rise famous among the many decadal common temperatures for the opposite three seasons. The post-monsoon interval (October, November and December as per IMD classification) is hotter by 0.73°C. Equally, the winter (January and February as per IMD classification) has been hotter by 0.68°C, and the monsoon by 0.58°C. Excessive warmth stress and warmth waves within the northwestern states: This yr, the noticed common day by day most temperature for March and April for states and Union Territories in India’s northwest (Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttrakhand – as per IMD classification) has been virtually 4°C above the conventional (in comparison with its baseline of 1981-2010). That is virtually twice as a lot because the anomaly noticed in any respect India stage, and it holds true for even common day by day minimal, day by day imply and land floor temperatures. Temperatures turned comparatively nearer to regular throughout the month of Might. Different areas even hotter in absolute phrases: In absolute phrases, most of India exterior the northwestern elements was hotter, even when the variety of its excessive warmth wave days had been lesser. Common day by day most for northwestern states for the month of March was 30.7°C; the all India common was 33.1°C (2.4°C hotter). The typical day by day minimal temperature exhibits a fair bigger (4.9°C) distinction. The typical day by day most of northwestern states crossed the all-India common within the months of April and Might, however solely by 1-1.5°C. However the day by day minimal and common temperatures continued to be increased in different areas of India. Central India (Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha, as per IMD classification) and the southern peninsular area (Andaman and Nicobar, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu and Telangana, as per IMD classification) had increased regular temperatures in comparison with the northwest throughout the pre-monsoon or summer time season. Central India’s regular most was 2-7°C increased, whereas south peninsular India’s regular minimal was 4-10°C increased than temperatures in northwest India. You will need to give attention to each excessive warmth situations in addition to general anomalous warmth situations. The IMD standards for warmth waves says a warmth wave is said when the day by day most temperature exceeds the conventional for the season by not less than 4.5°C in not less than two sub-division stations on two consecutive days; in absolute phrases, a warmth wave is said when the temperature exceeds 45°C. The traditional temperature for the season is outlined primarily based on a selected day at a selected station and in relation to the baseline of 1981-2010 common. A lot of the heatwave situations in March have been on account of a departure from the conventional. Most deaths on account of heat-stroke reported from states exterior India’s northwestern area: Knowledge from the Nationwide Crime Information Bureau (NCRB) that additionally captures unintentional deaths together with these from climatic stress, exhibits that between 2015 and 2020, 2,137 folks had reportedly died on account of warmth stroke within the states in northwest. However the southern peninsula area had reported 2,444 deaths on account of extra environmental warmth, with Andhra Pradesh alone accounting for over half of the reported casualties. Delhi reported just one dying for a similar interval. Most deaths have been reported amongst working age males (30-60 yr olds), normally not thought-about extremely weak to temperature anomalies. The understanding of the general public well being impacts of meteorological situations like warmth wave remains to be weak in India. Demise on account of warmth waves are on a decline as per official reviews: Warmth waves are the second most threatening pure power in India, having killed over 20,615 folks throughout 2000-20. Lightning, with 49,679 deaths, was the highest killer. There was a decline in variety of reported deaths since 2015 when IMD reported 2,081 deaths and NCRB reported 1,908 deaths. There have been no deaths reported by IMD in 2021 and NCRB is but to publish the 2021 version of its annual Unintentional Deaths and Suicides in India (ADSI). The years 2016 and 2017 have reported twice the variety of hazardous warmth wave occasions in comparison with 2015, however reported deaths precipitated had been lower than 1 / 4 of the 2015 toll. This yr, media reviews recommend about 90 deaths on account of warmth waves in India, however there isn’t any official verification for the quantity. It’s fairly potential that a lot of the deaths on account of warmth stress goes unreported as they might be attributed to different comorbidities or not get reported in any respect. Largely, deaths happen amongst rural, low revenue and marginalised populations. Nonetheless, these estimates should be improved to make sure that there isn’t any undercount within the knowledge reported by NCRB and IMD. No proof of any direct correlation between warmth waves and the depth or frequency of fireplace cases in India: Most cases of fireplace as recorded by NASA satellites had been reported within the 2021 pre-monsoon season at an all-India stage. Regardless of the large temperature anomaly this yr (over 3 times increased in comparison with 2021), hearth anomaly this season is simply 6 per cent of 2021 for MODIS and 32 per cent of 2021 for VIIRS (each are NASA’s satellite tv for pc techniques that document hearth cases). Additional, this evaluation relies on the product of noticed hearth counts and common Hearth Radiative Energy (FRP) of the noticed fires. This matrix offers a greater measure of complete hearth actions accounting for not simply the variety of fires, but additionally their relative energy (quantum of vitality launched). The anomaly in hearth cases relies on a 2012-2019 baseline. A lot of the pre-monsoon hearth cases in India have been reported from the forests of central India and the jap Himalaya. The northwest area, which has been the worst affected by warmth waves, isn’t a hotspot for pure fires because the area doesn’t have a lot forest cowl exterior the western Himalaya. Hearth cases reported from the area are principally farm stubble fires and these will not be typically ruled by climate occasions. The area – which constitutes about 28 per cent of India’s landmass — accounts for under 13-14 per cent of all recorded fires in India throughout the pre-monsoon season. Mega cities a lot hotter than the bigger area round them: The seasonal common of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Hyderabad was 1-2°C increased than the all-India common and a pair of.5-3.8°C increased than northwest India (that’s usually the reference level in public thoughts). That is because of the city warmth island phenomenon. On account of extreme laborious and darkish surfaces, cities have a tendency to soak up the warmth coming from the solar throughout the day; a metropolis additionally generates plenty of waste warmth on account of human actions which provides to the pure warmth. This further warmth ought to dissipate after sundown, however on account of air pollution and persevering with technology of waste warmth the town fails to chill down, resulting in hotter situation in comparison with rural areas. City warmth islands with large temperature variations present in all 4 metros: The research seemed into the temperature and humidity knowledge collected by the real-time air high quality monitoring community and located large variations in temperature inside the cities. By way of absolute air temperature, Hyderabad with a 7.1°C variation had essentially the most pronounced warmth islands, whereas Kolkata with simply 1.3°C had the least pronounced ones. Delhi had a 6.2°C variation; Mumbai’s was 5.5°C. From a warmth index perspective, Mumbai leads the group with a 17.3°C variation. From the land floor temperature perspective, it’s Delhi within the lead with a 24.6°C variation. The distinction among the many cities might be defined by the environmental distinction within the nature of the warmth of their areas, in addition to the variations of their topography and land use patterns. However the truth that all 4 cities present important variations of their intra-city temperatures (in all three types) is a powerful proof of city warmth island drawback inside the cities. Warmth hotspots within the cities: Due to restricted spatial distribution of air temperature official displays, the research used land floor temperature to establish the warmth hotspots inside a metropolis. In Delhi, most floor temperature was recorded within the south-west a part of the town; Najafgarh is the fixed, with the best temperature throughout on a regular basis intervals. Badarpur and Jaitpur are the opposite neighborhoods which have fixed most temperatures above 40°C. Yamuna river and the Okhla chook sanctuary areas had the bottom temperatures. In Mumbai, most floor temperature had been recorded round Deonar dumping floor, adopted by Chhatrapati Shivaji Worldwide Airport and its surrounding areas. Minimal floor temperatures had been recorded in areas round waterbodies similar to Tulsi Lake, Vihar Lake and Powai Lake, and areas near the ocean. In Kolkata, there may be not a lot variation within the land floor temperature inside the metropolis. Nonetheless, floor temperatures had been discovered to be comparatively excessive across the metropolis middle and the Netaji Shubash Chandra Bose Worldwide Airport. The realm across the wetlands was the best. In Hyderabad, hotspot areas had been noticed within the metropolis’s south-western area, across the Rajiv Gandhi Worldwide Airport, Nadergul, Turkayamjal, Jawahar Nagar and Bollaram Industrial Space. Places close to the lakes within the metropolis had the bottom temperatures. Warmth index that accounts for each temperature and humidity exhibits Mumbai, Kolkata and Hyderabad extra careworn than Delhi this summer time: The day by day common warmth index for Kolkata has been virtually 5°C increased than that of Delhi this summer time. Mumbai’s summer time warmth index has been 4.6°C and Hyderabad 1.1°C increased than Delhi’s. Although the seasonal common day by day most air temperature in Delhi has been 1.5-2.8°C increased than the opposite three metros, by way of warmth index Kolkata — with virtually 50°C as seasonal most warmth index — was considerably hotter. Delhi’s seasonal common day by day most warmth index was 45.6°C. Warmth index of 41-53°C is taken into account harmful, whereas 54°C and better is taken into account extraordinarily harmful. Hyderabad, although scorching, is experiencing a cooler than regular summer time this yr: The seasonal common air temperature of Hyderabad was about 1°C decrease than regular — even the warmth index was down by virtually 1.5°C. The land floor temperature has been regular as nicely. This can be a full distinction from the opposite three metros, all of which have recorded increased than regular temperatures. Delhi had essentially the most excessive anomalies among the many 4 metros. What’s the method forward? Roychowdhury says: “On this climate-constrained world, warmth stress is predicted to worsen. This calls for pressing motion to undertake direct measures to mitigate warmth throughout the area in addition to the town to scale back public well being threat and occupational publicity to warmth, include vitality consumption on account of elevated demand for cooling, stop injury to infrastructure, and guarantee general wellbeing of the plenty uncovered to excessive and excessive warmth.” She provides: “This may require strategic interventions to scale back warmth island results in cities by conserving and increasing city greens/forests and water our bodies, adopting architectural design tips for the constructed atmosphere to scale back the warmth load on constructed buildings, and containing concretisation of floor areas. On the similar time, emergency measures could be wanted to reply to the intense warmth situations throughout the warmth waves.” Additionally Learn: NASA Scientists Make ‘Astonishing’ Discovery About Asteroid Set To Make Shut Method With Earth In 2135

दिल्ली की हवा और धरातल का तापमान बेसलाइन के औसत से अधिक : सीएसई

दिल्ली का हीट इंडेक्स (जिसे मौसम का 'रीयल फ़ील' भी कहा जाता है) 30.53 डिग्री सेल्सियस था जो बेसलाइन के आंकड़े 28.89 डिग्री सेल्सियस से अधिक था। इस साल मार्च और मई के बीच दिल्ली में वायु तथा धरातल का तापमान वर्ष 1981-2010 की बेसलाइन की तुलना में काफ़ी अधिक था और हीट इंडेक्स 2010-19 की सीमा से काफी ऊपर था। ये तथ्य सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरनमेंट (सीएसई) के एक अध्ययन में पाया गया है। "अर्बन हीट स्ट्रेस इन मेजर सिटीज ऑफ इंडिया: डेल्ही'' शीर्षक वाले अध्ययन में पाया गया कि इस वर्ष मार्च से मई तक (मानसून से पहले) देश की राजधानी के वायु का औसत तापमान 30.03 डिग्री सेल्सियस था जो कि 28.25 डिग्री सेल्सियस के 30 साल (1981-2010) के बेसलाइन से ज्यादा था जबकि भूमि की सतह का औसत तापमान (एलएसटी) इसकी बेसलाइन से 1.95 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक था। वहीं, दिल्ली का हीट इंडेक्स (जिसे मौसम का 'रीयल फील' भी कहा जाता है) 30.53 डिग्री सेल्सियस था जो बेसलाइन के आंकड़े 28.89 डिग्री सेल्सियस से अधिक था। राजधानी दिल्ली की बात करें तो बाहरी दिल्ली के नरेला, बवाना, फतेहपुर जट और दक्षिण-पूर्वी दिल्ली के बदरपुर में इस साल 14 मई को भूमि की सतह का उच्चतम तापमान 51.8 डिग्री सेल्सियस था। यह भी पाया गया कि पिछले आठ वर्षों में शहर के कुछ हिस्सों में भूमि की सतह का तापमान 53.9 डिग्री सेल्सियस तक पहुंच गया है। सीएसई के इस विश्लेषण में पूर्व-मानसून मौसम के दौरान दिल्ली के लिए गर्मी के पैटर्न में बदलाव का आकलन करते हुए, लैंड इमेजरी एंड थर्मल इंफ्रारेड सेंसर डेटा का विश्लेषण करने के लिए यूनाइटेड स्टेट्स जियोलॉजिकल सर्वे (यूएसजीएस) के EarthExplorer पोर्टल का इस्तेमाल किया। इसमें कहा गया है कि सामान्य तौर पर सबसे कम एलएसटी वाले क्षेत्र यमुना के किनारे और ओखला पक्षी अभयारण्य के पास थे। इस अध्ययन में इस साल प्री-मानसून अवधि के दौरान शहर भर में हीट इंडेक्स और हवा के तापमान में काफी अंतर पाया गया है जिससे यह पता चलता है कि आस-पड़ोस के क्षेत्र से छह डिग्री का अंतर है। राजधानी दिल्ली के चांदनी चौक में मौसमी वायु का तापमान सबसे ज्यादा दर्ज किया गया जिसका औसत तापमान 34.2 डिग्री सेल्सियस था वहीं अरबिंदो मार्ग 28.1 डिग्री सेल्सियस शहर का सबसे ठंडा स्थान था। हीट इंडेक्स के अनुसार सिरी फोर्ट में उच्चतम मौसमी औसत 38.2 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया, इसके बाद चांदनी चौक में 36.8 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया गया। शादीपुर (29.1 डिग्री सेल्सियस) और अरबिंदो मार्ग (29.6 डिग्री सेल्सियस) अलग अलग छोर पर है। इन दोनों जगहों पर सबसे कम एवरेज सीजनल हीट इंडेक्स रीडिंग दर्ज किया गया। इस अध्ययन के सह-लेखक तथा सीएसई के अर्बन लैब में सीनियर प्रोग्राम मैनेजर अविकल सोमवंशी ने मीडिया से बात करते हुए कहा कि, “समग्र तापमान विसंगति, अत्यधिक गर्मी की स्थिति तथा भारत के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में गर्मी के पैटर्न में मिश्रित प्रवृत्तियों को समझना अप्रत्याशित जोखिम का आकलन करने के लिए आवश्यक हो गया है। वर्तमान में, मुख्य रूप से रोजाना की अधिकतम गर्मी के स्तर और गर्मी की लहरों की चरम स्थितियों पर ध्यान दिया जाता है, लेकिन इस समस्या की गंभीरता को समझने के लिए विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में बढ़ते समग्र तापमान और आर्द्रता के रुझान पर ध्यान देना भी उतना ही महत्वपूर्ण है।” सीएसई के रिसर्च एंड एडवोकेसी की कार्यकारी निदेशक अनुमिता रॉय चौधरी का कहना है कि हीट-एक्शन प्लान और गर्मी से बचने वाले जंगलों, शहरी हरियाली और जल निकायों के क्षरण को रोके बिना गर्मी के चलते स्वास्थ्य संबंधी खतरे बढ़ेंगे। वह आगे कहती हैं, "जलवायु संकट के कारण बढ़ती गर्मी को कम करने के लिए नीतिगत तैयारी भारत में लगभग नगण्य है और यह प्रवृत्ति दर्शाती है कि औद्योगिक प्रक्रियाओं और एयर कंडीशनर से कंक्रीटाइजेशन, हीट-ट्रैपिंग संरचनाओं और अपशिष्ट गर्मी को पलट कर शहर की गर्मी के दबाव के खिलाफ कार्रवाई की जाए।"

CSE finds worrying signs of heat stress

Monsoon this year has turned out to be warmer than the preceding summer, an analysis by Centre for Science and Environment has found. The Delhi-based non-profit also said summer 2022 has been the second-hottest since 2010. Heat waves lashing India are expected to worsen with the growing climate change impact. The monsoon is hotter than summer by 0.3-0.4°C on average. Meanwhile, winter and post-monsoon seasons are warming up faster. The extreme heat waves in north-west areas like Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Chandigarh draw maximum public attention. However, there is an urgent need to focus on the overall anomalous temperature in other regions of the country, found the analysis. Megacities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Hyderabad are much hotter than the larger region around them due to heat island effects, the report finds. Surface absorption of heat and local waste heat generated by traffic, industry and air conditioning, among other urban activities, lead to the heat island effect. India Meteorological Department classifies Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand as the country’s north-west region. Earlier, the summer of 2016 held the record for the hottest summer after 2010. Policy preparedness to mitigate rising heat due to climate change is nearly absent in India, said Anumita Roychowdhury, executive director, research and advocacy, CSE. Roychowdhury said: Without heat action plans, rising air temperature, radiating heat from land surfaces, concretisation, heat-trapping built structures, waste heat from industrial processes and air conditioners will worsen public health risks. She added that erosion of heat-dousing forests, urban greens and water bodies is adding to the heat action, urging for time-bound mitigation. The Urban Lab of CSE has analysed the temperature trends in India from January 2015 to May 2022. “It is important to pay attention to the overall rising temperature and humidity trends in different regions to understand the gravity of the problem,” said Avikal Somvanshi, senior programme manager, Urban Lab, CSE. There has been an almost 4°C rise in the average daily maximum temperature for March and April in India’s north-west, compared with the 1981-2010 baseline. This is almost twice as much as the anomaly observed at all-India levels. The lab found the seasonal average of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Hyderabad were 1-2°C higher than the all-India average due to the urban heat island phenomenon. Roychowdhury suggests strategic interventions to reduce heat island effects in cities, along with reduction of heat load on built structures, among other measures, as the way ahead. “At the same time, emergency measures would be needed to respond to the extreme heat conditions during the heat waves,” she said. At an all-India level, the monsoon season (June, July, August and September) has been 0.3-0.4°C hotter than summer — what’s more, it is getting hotter with time. The decadal average temperatures for summer are now 0.49°C hotter than the long-term normal (1951-80 baseline). This is a significant increase, but it pales in front of the increase noted among the decadal average temperatures for the other three seasons. The post-monsoon period (October, November and December) is hotter by 0.73°C. Similarly, the winter (January and February) has been warmer by 0.68°C, and the monsoon by 0.58°C. The normal maximum for central and southern peninsular India was much higher than north-west India. Central India (Chhattisgarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman& Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha) was 2-7°C higher. The southern peninsular region (Andaman & Nicobar, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu and Telangana) was 4-10°C higher than temperatures in north-west India. The study also found fewer deaths due to heat waves have been reported since 2015. The southern peninsular region had reported 2,444 deaths due to excessive environmental heat since 2015, compared to 2,137 deaths in north-western areas. However, the report also pointed out that most such deaths might have gone unreported or attributed to co-morbidities. Mostly such deaths are rural, low-income and marginalised populations. We are a voice to you; you have been a support to us. Together we build journalism that is independent, credible and fearless. You can further help us by making a donation. This will mean a lot for our ability to bring you news, perspectives and analysis from the ground so that we can make change together.

Pre-monsoon season this year second hottest in India; winters warming up faster: CSE study

While summer or pre-monsoon season this year has overtaken 2016 records as the second hottest pre-monsoon season in the country, winter and post-monsoon seasons are warming up faster, according to the latest findings by the Urban Lab of Centre for Science and Environment According to the study, land surface temperatures in Delhi have been the highest since 2010 and that the city recorded significant positive anomaly (temperature higher than expected) on all three temperature parameters In a bid to understand the warming trend in a comprehensive way, the study by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has analysed the temperature trends by covering all three dimensions of heat stress -- surface air temperature, land surface temperature, and relative humidity (heat index) In Delhi, air temperature has been 1.77 degrees Celsius hotter than 2010, and the land surface temperature 1.95 degrees Celsius hotter, the study said According to the CSE analysis, the daily average heat index crossed 40 degrees Celsius in June, 2022. It said March and April have been unusually dry in Delhi, but humidity started to rise in May with some scattered rain spells. But this spike in humidity has led to an increase in the heat index in the city, indicating increased thermal discomfort among the population "The highest land surface temperature was observed on May 16, 2020 when 53.9 degrees Celsius was recorded within city limits, followed by May 14, 2022 with maximum land surface temperature of 51.8 degrees Celsius. In the previous years, maximum land surface temperature was observed to be in mid-40s range," the CSE findings said It further said during the heatwave in May, 2022, the land surface temperature across Delhi shot above 38 degrees Celsius, which was "unusual as the green pockets within the city have not heated up to this magnitude in the previous years," and that the average land surface temperature has been getting higher than daily average air temperature "Industrial and agricultural zone recorded highest increase in land surface temperature between March to May. The regions at the city periphery in the north, southwest, and northwest Delhi have seen the extremely high surface temperature rise from March 19 to May 14, 2022," the study said The study further noted that even the temperature of the water bodies rose to 29-30 degrees Celsius in May, which were well below 27 degrees Celsius in March According to CSE's analysis on air temperature variation among city's stations, Chandni Chowk recorded the highest average air temperature on May 14, 2022 with 40.39 degrees Celsius, followed by Punjabi Bagh at 40.29 degrees Celsius, Mundka at 39.5 degrees Celsius and Paharganj at 39.1 degrees Celsius CSE said the objective of the city analysis was to understand the combined effect of climate change induced unseasonal heatwaves The study is based on comparative statistical analysis of temperature anomalies and observed heat-related impact in Indian cities and regions.

Pre-monsoon season this year second hottest in India: CSE study

According to the study, land surface temperatures in Delhi have been the highest since 2010 and that the city recorded significant positive anomaly on all three temperature parameters. New Delhi: While summer or pre-monsoon season this year has overtaken 2016 records as the second hottest pre-monsoon season in the country, winter and post-monsoon seasons are warming up faster, according to the latest findings by the Urban Lab of Centre for Science and Environment. According to the study, land surface temperatures in Delhi have been the highest since 2010 and that the city recorded significant positive anomaly (temperature higher than expected) on all three temperature parameters. In a bid to understand the warming trend in a comprehensive way, the study by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has analysed the temperature trends by covering all three dimensions of heat stress — surface air temperature, land surface temperature, and relative humidity (heat index). In Delhi, air temperature has been 1.77 degrees Celsius hotter than 2010, and the land surface temperature 1.95 degrees Celsius hotter, the study said. According to the CSE analysis, the daily average heat index crossed 40 degrees Celsius in June, 2022. It said March and April have been unusually dry in Delhi, but humidity started to rise in May with some scattered rain spells. But this spike in humidity has led to an increase in the heat index in the city, indicating increased thermal discomfort among the population. “The highest land surface temperature was observed on May 16, 2020 when 53.9 degrees Celsius was recorded within city limits, followed by May 14, 2022 with maximum land surface temperature of 51.8 degrees Celsius. In the previous years, maximum land surface temperature was observed to be in mid-40s range,” the CSE findings said. It further said during the heatwave in May, 2022, the land surface temperature across Delhi shot above 38 degrees Celsius, which was “unusual as the green pockets within the city have not heated up to this magnitude in the previous years,” and that the average land surface temperature has been getting higher than daily average air temperature. “Industrial and agricultural zone recorded highest increase in land surface temperature between March to May. The regions at the city periphery in the north, southwest, and northwest Delhi have seen the extremely high surface temperature rise from March 19 to May 14, 2022,” the study said. The study further noted that even the temperature of the water bodies rose to 29-30 degrees Celsius in May, which were well below 27 degrees Celsius in March. According to CSE’s analysis on air temperature variation among city’s stations, Chandni Chowk recorded the highest average air temperature on May 14, 2022 with 40.39 degrees Celsius, followed by Punjabi Bagh at 40.29 degrees Celsius, Mundka at 39.5 degrees Celsius and Paharganj at 39.1 degrees Celsius. CSE said the objective of the city analysis was to understand the combined effect of climate change induced unseasonal heatwaves. The study is based on comparative statistical analysis of temperature anomalies and observed heat-related impact in Indian cities and regions.