Delhi's cloud-seeding trials failed to induce artificial rain; here's why
Delhi’s ambitious cloud-seeding trials have failed to yield the desired results, with the experiment unable to induce artificial rain in the national capital amid worsening air pollution. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) confirmed that no rainfall was recorded following the exercise. The Delhi government, in collaboration with IIT-Kanpur, conducted the trials across several locations, including Burari, north Karol Bagh, Mayur Vihar, and Badli. The total budget for cloud seeding stands at over ₹3.2 crore for five trials — meaning each trial costs around ₹64 lakh. Three trials have been completed so far, all without success in inducing rainfall. Officials said the moisture content predicted by the IMD and other agencies remained low, at around 10–15%, far below the threshold required for cloud seeding. October 28 was overcast and cloudy, but humidity in the clouds remained inadequate. A minimum of 50–60% humidity is generally needed for the process, according to studies. “The moisture content (of clouds) remained low at 10–15%, which is not an ideal condition for cloud seeding,” an IIT-Kanpur report stated. Cloud seeding relies heavily on meteorological conditions such as wind speed and the presence of rain-bearing clouds — both of which are usually absent during Delhi’s dry winter months. “There hasn’t been any rain so far. So, in that sense, it was not completely successful. But, unfortunately, the clouds that are present today do not have very high moisture content. I am told it was only up to 15–20%. So, the possibility of causing rain with such low moisture content is not very high. But this trial has given more confidence to our team that we can continue conducting them,” IIT-Kanpur Director Manindra Agarwal told NDTV. The Delhi government, however, defended the exercise, saying it had contributed to a reduction in particulate matter (PM) levels in trial areas despite unfavourable weather. “Before cloud seeding, the PM 2.5 level was 221, 230, and 229 in Mayur Vihar, Karol Bagh, and Burari, respectively, which reduced to 207, 206, and 203, respectively, after the first seeding. Similarly, PM 10 level was 207, 206, 209, which got reduced to 177, 163, 177 at Mayur Vihar, Karol Bagh, and Burari, respectively,” the report said. Experts have called the experiment a short-term measure, noting that while it may temporarily reduce pollution, it does little to address the root causes of Delhi’s deteriorating air quality. Anumita Roychowdhury, executive director (research and advocacy) at the Centre for Science and Environment, told TOI: “The city has not yet recorded any substantial rainfall after cloud seeding. Even if the rains wash out the pollutants, the pollution will bounce back quickly. The impact lasts from hours to a couple of days.” She added that a lasting improvement in air quality requires targeting actual emission reductions from ground-level sources.
