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Crop damage on 2 lakh+ hectares in West Bengal between January & September

KOLKATA: Bengal faced extreme weather events on 86% days in the first nine months of 2024 - or nearly 236 days out of the 274 days between Jan 1 and Sept 30, causing 64 deaths and crop damage across 2,00,900 hectares, according to the annual 'state of extreme weather report' released by the Centre for Science & Environment (CSE) on Friday. This was three percentage points more than the 83% extreme weather days in the same period last year, a result of the intensifying effects of climate change. Extreme weather on 86% days The crop damage caused by the extreme weather events - heatwaves, cyclones, lightning, heavy rain, floods and landslides - in Bengal was India's fourth highest, after Maharashtra, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh. India, as a whole, saw extreme weather on 93% - or 255 - days, in which over 3,238 people were killed. Sunita Narain, the director-general of CSE, said these "record-breaking statistics" reflected the impact of climate change. "Events that used to occur once every century are now happening every five years or even less," she said. "This frequency is overwhelming the most vulnerable populations, the ones who lack the resources to adapt to this relentless cycle of loss and damage." Experts call for change in approach Richard Mahapatra, the report's research director, said the CSE report revealed not only the frequency of extreme weather events but also the cumulative and far-reaching damage they cause. Rajit Sengupta of CSE, one of the writers of this report, said: "While heatwaves claimed 210 lives, the data does not reflect the extended health impacts of prolonged high temperatures on the wellbeing of people in north India, including farmers and labourers, who endured intense heat with little means of relief. Similarly, the toll of severe cold snaps and frost on crop losses is not captured, highlighting the need for robust compensation systems for weather-induced losses. Without this support, farmers are pushed into debt, exacerbating their marginalisation and poverty." CSE researchers pointed out that the report highlighted a critical shift that is needed in our approach to extreme events - from disaster response to risk reduction and resilience-building. Flood management, for example, requires more than plans on paper; it calls for the strategic development of drainage and water recharge systems, along with expanded green spaces and forests to act as natural water reservoirs in preparation for future storms. The report also emphasises the need for climate reparations from high-emission countries responsible for much of the damage. Climate models are clear: extreme weather events are set to become more frequent and severe.

Tamil Nadu sees surge in extreme weather events in 2024: report

Chennai, Tamil Nadu, in October 2024. File photo | Photo Credit: Akhila Easwaran Tamil Nadu has experienced a significant rise in extreme weather events in 2024, with 67 extreme weather days recorded so far, nearly double the 27 days reported in 2023. This sharp increase is highlighted in the Climate India 2024 report, published by the Centre for Science and Environment and Down to Earth. In Tamil Nadu, the impact has been severe, with rising temperatures, heavy rainfall, and cyclonic storms causing damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and local communities. The State recorded 67 extreme weather event days in 2024, according to the report. It also reported 25 human fatalities, 14 livestock deaths, and the damage of 149 houses due to these extreme weather events. While Tamil Nadu is one of the worst-hit States, neighbouring Kerala and Karnataka have experienced even more frequent and intense weather disruptions. According to the report, India has experienced extreme weather on 255 out of 274 days in the first nine months of 2024, surpassing the number of extreme days recorded in the previous two years. This makes 2024 the most extreme year in terms of weather events over the last three years, with a worrying trend of daily extreme events continuing since 2022. The report is based on data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), which tracks extreme weather events over 24-hour periods. For tracking damage from extreme weather, the IMD relies on media reports and includes details on human fatalities and livestock losses in its monthly summary. Crop loss One of the biggest impacts of these extreme weather events has been on agriculture. In 2024 alone, Tamil Nadu reported 1,039 hectares of crop damage due to irregular rainfall, intense heatwaves, and storm surges. The loss of crops like paddy, sugarcane, and groundnut has further strained the livelihoods of farmers and aggravated food security concerns in the region.

Centre for Science and Environment: Extreme weather on 255/274 days this year

NEW DELHI: India faced extreme weather events on 93% of the days in the first nine months — 255 out of 274 days — in 2024 that claimed 3,238 lives, destroyed over 2.35 lakh houses/buildings and affected crops in 3.2 million hectare (mha) of land, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) said on Friday. The number of extreme weather events, including heat and cold waves, cyclones, lightning, heavy rain, floods and landslides, increased in 2024 compared to the first nine months of 2023. The CSE’s data shows that the country recorded extreme weather on 235 of 273 days during the corresponding period last year, claiming 2,923 lives, affecting crops in 1.84 mha of land and damaging 80,293 houses. In its annual ‘state of extreme weather report’, the New Delhi-based think tank noted that Madhya Pradesh experienced extreme weather events on 176 days — the most in the country — whereas Kerala recorded the highest fatalities at 550, followed by Madhya Pradesh (353) and Assam (256) this year. The report shows that Andhra Pradesh had the most houses damaged (85,806), while Maharashtra, which saw extreme events on 142 days, accounted for over 60% of the affected crop area nation-wide, followed by Madhya Pradesh in 2024. “This trend is no longer hypothetical — it is visible in the escalating crisis we face today. This report is not good news, but it is a necessary warning, a call to recognise nature’s backlash and the urgent action required to mitigate it. Without combating climate change at a meaningful scale, today’s challenges will only worsen tomorrow,” said Sunita Narain, director general, CSE. Region-wise data shows that central India faced the highest frequency of extreme events with 218 days, followed closely by the northwest at 213 days. In terms of lives lost, the central region had the most deaths (1,001), followed by the southern Peninsula (762 deaths), east & northeast (741 deaths) and northwest (734 deaths). CSE’s analysts, however, pointed out that the reported damage could be an underestimation due to incomplete data collection on event-specific losses, particularly to public property and crop damage. Referring to other climate records in 2024, the CSE noted that January was India’s ninth driest since 1901 whereas the country recorded its second-highest minimum temperature in February in 123 years. May, on the other hand, saw the fourth-highest mean temperature on record while July, August and September all registered their highest minimum temperatures since 1901.

Centre for Science and Environment: Extreme weather on 255/274 days this year

EW DELHI: India faced extreme weather events on 93% of the days in the first nine months — 255 out of 274 days — in 2024 that claimed 3,238 lives, destroyed over 2.35 lakh houses/buildings and affected crops in 3.2 million hectare (mha) of land, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) said on Friday. The number of extreme weather events, including heat and cold waves, cyclones, lightning, heavy rain, floods and landslides, increased in 2024 compared to the first nine months of 2023. The CSE’s data shows that the country recorded extreme weather on 235 of 273 days during the corresponding period last year, claiming 2,923 lives, affecting crops in 1.84 mha of land and damaging 80,293 houses. In its annual ‘state of extreme weather report’, the New Delhi-based think tank noted that Madhya Pradesh experienced extreme weather events on 176 days — the most in the country — whereas Kerala recorded the highest fatalities at 550, followed by Madhya Pradesh (353) and Assam (256) this year. The report shows that Andhra Pradesh had the most houses damaged (85,806), while Maharashtra, which saw extreme events on 142 days, accounted for over 60% of the affected crop area nation-wide, followed by Madhya Pradesh in 2024. “This trend is no longer hypothetical — it is visible in the escalating crisis we face today. This report is not good news, but it is a necessary warning, a call to recognise nature’s backlash and the urgent action required to mitigate it. Without combating climate change at a meaningful scale, today’s challenges will only worsen tomorrow,” said Sunita Narain, director general, CSE.

Can $1 trillion in climate finance be achieved amid political hurdles

The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) has declared that 2024 is on track to be the warmest year on record, which means it will be the first year of more than 1.5 degrees Celsius warming above pre-industrial levels (1850-1900). The consequences of such a global average temperature rise is already being felt worldwide, the latest being the devastating flooding in Spain. India is also among the worst affected countries due to climate change. As per the assessment done by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), India experienced extreme weather events on 93% of the days in the first nine months of this year. These weather events killed 3,238 people and affected 3.2 million hectares of crop area. As many as 35 out of 36 states and Union Territories experienced extreme weather events. Amidst such chaos comes the United Nations Climate Conference (COP29), scheduled to be held in Baku, Azerbaijan starting Monday. It is the most consequential of climate summits since the Paris Agreement as the discussions are set to address the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) for climate finance, a framework that aims to replace the annual commitment of $100 billion made by developed countries in 2009 — a target met only once, in 2022. This year’s summit is being labeled the “Finance COP” as developing and vulnerable countries are seeking a minimum of $1 trillion to $1.3 trillion in climate finance. This is in line with the $1 trillion that the Independent High Level Expert Group (IHLEG) has said is needed for developing countries (excluding China) to accelerate climate action. According to the Second Needs Determination Report by the UNFCCC Standing Committee on Finance (SCF), developing nations will need as much as $6.852 trillion cumulatively until 2030 to achieve their stated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). What India needs India’s stance going into COP29 and G20 Brazil will continue to focus on equitable finance for adaptation and mitigation, with a clear emphasis on accountability from developed nations. India is among the nations that support prioritising public, grant-based and concessional finance for all developing nations. It supports private finance in a supplementary role as a catalyst. At the G20 Summit in New Delhi in 2023, India, on behalf of Global South nations, asked for $5.9 trillion by 2030 to implement NDCs alone, and a further $4 trillion annually for clean energy technology. This was consolidated further at G20 Brazil, where finance ministers sought deeper reform of the international finance architecture. Despite ambitious targets, India has only been attracting around $50 billion annually for climate-related investments, split between public funding and private capital, of which 85% is from domestic sources. In contrast, it needs annual investments worth $250 billion till 2047 to prepare India’s energy systems for Net-Zero pathways, according to Niti Aayog. India’s Economic Survey 2023-24 indicates that the country will need approximately $2.5 trillion by 2030 to fulfil its commitments under the Paris Agreement. Trump bull in climate change shop However, the huge stumbling block to achieve the ambitious NCQG at COP29 would be the new US administration under the presidency of Donald Trump, who is a known climate change denier. As soon as the US elections results were out, Christiana Figueres, former UN Climate Change executive secretary and chief negotiator of the landmark Paris Agreement of 2015, termed the result a major blow to global climate action. Trump is expected to try to expand more oil and gas drilling and potentially withdraw again from the Paris Agreement. However, experts feel despite greater geopolitical uncertainty, countries at COP29 will prevail upon and achieve a new climate finance goal. Frances Colon, senior director of International Climate Policy at Center for American Progress said: “Under a second Trump administration, US federal climate leadership will stall, but subnational actors – states, cities, and civil society will still drive meaningful climate action. This makes COP29 all the more critical to reaffirm collective ambition and unlock creative solutions for scaling clean energy and climate finance.” Li Shuo, Director of China Climate Hub, Asia Society Policy Institute (ASPI) said, “in light of this election’s outcome, China will be inevitably in the spotlight as a key mediator, alongside the EU. It will be up to them to truly lead the way forward now that one piece of the puzzle may be missing.” Harjeet Singh, climate activist and Global Engagement Director for the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative said as the narrow window to prevent catastrophic climate breakdown closes, “the world cannot afford the US, the largest historical carbon emitter and top fossil fuel producer, to shirk its responsibility.” L&D, adaptation gap The Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage (L&D) was a huge milestone in demystifying the concept of L&D and the pathways to achieve the goals. Baku will not only provide an opportunity to review the Warsaw mechanism but also help in developing guidance on the early operationalising of Santiago Network, which aims to catalyse technical assistance on L&D. “The L&D fund’s first report will also be scrutinized to take stock of what worked and what didn’t... What will be more effective is to create a mechanism to hasten the delivery of support including financial means to countries affected by L&D,” said Dr Nambi Appadurai, Director, Climate Resilience Practice, World Resources Institute (WRI India). He said there are a bunch of other issues that should be prioritised, especially examination of the indicators developed by thematic experts to measure progress on the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) and insights from the first global stocktake. Days ahead of COP29, the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) published its “Adaptation Gap Report 2024: Come Hell and High Water”, which highlights the massive shortfall in climate adaptation funds for developing nations. While international adaptation finance for developing countries rose to $28 billion in 2022, it is still far below what is required, with estimates suggesting that between $187 and $359 billion annually will be required for overcoming the adaptation finance gap.

Over 3,000 lives lost to extreme weather in India so far this year: Report

A recent report by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has revealed that India experienced extreme weather events on 93% of the days in the first nine months of 2024. This relentless frequency led to over 3,000 fatalities and the destruction of more than 200,000 homes across the country. The report, titled “Climate India 2024: An Assessment of Extreme Weather Events,” found that in 2024, 255 of the year’s 274 days saw extreme weather, including events such as lightning strikes, storms, heavy rainfall, floods, heat and cold waves, cloudbursts, cyclones, and snowfall all of which directly contributed to the death toll. This marks an increase from 2023, when 86% of days in the same period recorded such events. The data in the report were drawn from the India Meteorological Department’s summaries and forecasts, as well as the Union Ministry of Home Affairs’ disaster management updates. However, the report pointed to notable gaps in the data, especially regarding the extent of property and agricultural losses. In some instances, media reports contradicted official government accounts, and the authors noted that actual losses may be underreported due to inconsistent data on public property and crop damages. This year, lightning and storms affected 32 states, and India saw some of the highest recorded temperatures since 1901. Floods alone claimed 1,376 lives nationwide, highlighting the urgency for improved climate resilience. The report emphasised the need for a more proactive approach to climate disasters, particularly in flood management, which it argued requires more than just planning. Effective strategies, such as enhancing drainage, water recharge systems, and expanding green spaces to serve as natural reservoirs, are critical in preparing for increasingly severe weather patterns. The authors also called for climate reparations from high emission countries, which they see as having a responsibility to support India’s recovery from the human and economic toll of climate change.

India faced 255 days of extreme weather this year

India faced 93 percent days of extreme weather from January to September this year. Of the 255 days out of 274, India experienced extreme weather events marked by heat and cold waves, cyclones, lightning, heavy rain, floods and landslides, almost every day in the first nine months of this year which claimed to 3,200 lives, affected 3.2 million hectare (mha) of crops, destroyed 235,862 houses and buildings, and killed approximately 9,457 livestock. The report titled “Climate India 2024: An Assessment of Extreme Weather Events” by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) , based on the India Meteorological Department (IMD) data has come days ahead of the 2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference or Conference of the Parties (COP29) in Azerbaijan’s Baku from November 11 to 22. Compared to this, the first nine months of 2023 recorded extreme weather on 235 of 273 days, with 2,923 deaths, 1.84 mha of crops affected, 80,293 houses damaged, and 92,519 animal deaths. The year 2024 also set several climate records. January was India’s ninth driest since 1901. In February, the country recorded its second-highest minimum temperature in 123 years. May saw the fourth-highest mean temperature on record, and July, August and September all registered their highest minimum temperatures since 1901. In the Northwest, January was the second driest, and July recorded the region’s second-highest minimum temperature. The Southern Peninsula saw its hottest February ever, followed by exceptionally hot and dry March and April, but with a 36.5 percent surplus in July rainfall and the second-highest minimum temperature in August. According to the report, between January and February, extreme weather events spanned 50 days, a sharp rise from 38 days in 2022 and 28 in 2023. Cold days and cold waves dominated, occurring on 38 days-a 17-day increase from the previous year. Additionally, lightning and storms were recorded on 17 days, up from 5 days last year. Between pre-Monsoon March and May, extreme weather events were recorded on 83 days, slightly lower than 2022 (85 days) and the same as 2023. Heatwaves occurred on 54 days in 2024, nearly double the 28 days in 2023. This increase contributed to a surge in fatalities, with 507 lives lost, compared to 321 the previous year. And between June and September, extreme weather persisted across all 122 Monsoon days, as in 2023. However, deaths increased to 2,716, up from 2,594 in 2023 and 2,431 in 2022. In terms of event types, the past nine months have seen everything from lightning and storms, spanning 32 states and resulting in 1,021 deaths, to relentless monsoon rains, which led to flooding across various regions. In Assam alone, heavy rains, floods and landslides were recorded in 122 days, leaving large parts of the state submerged and communities devastated. Nationwide, 1,376 lives were lost due to floods. The report says that Madhya Pradesh experienced extreme weather for 176 days, the most in the country. Kerala recorded the highest fatalities at 550, followed by Madhya Pradesh (353) and Assam (256). Andhra Pradesh had the most houses damaged (85,806), while Maharashtra, which saw extreme events on 142 days, accounted for over 60 per cent of the affected crop area nation-wide, followed by Madhya Pradesh (25,170 ha). Regionally, Central India faced the highest frequency of extreme events with 218 days, followed closely by the Northwest at 213 days. In terms of lives lost, the Central region had the most deaths (1,001), followed by the Southern Peninsula (762 deaths), East and Northeast (741 deaths) and Northwest (734 deaths). The report said the impact on agriculture has been severe, with extreme weather affecting at least 3.2 million hectares of cropped land in 2024, a 74 per cent increase from the 1.84 million hectares damaged in 2022. However, this number likely underestimates the true damage, as data from major agricultural states such as Uttar Pradesh and Haryana was unavailable. The report also emphasises the need for climate reparations from high-emission countries responsible for much of the damage. Climate models are clear: extreme weather events are set to become more frequent and severe. Rajit Sengupta, who co-authored the report, said heatwaves claimed 210 lives but the data does not reflect the extended health impacts of prolonged high temperatures on the well-being of people in North India, including farmers and labourers, who endured intense heat with little means of relief. “Similarly, the toll of severe cold snaps and frost on crop losses is not captured, highlighting the need for robust compensation systems for weather-induced losses.” Sengupta underlined without this support, farmers are pushed into debt, exacerbating their marginalisation and poverty. Speaking at the launch of the report, CSE director general and Down To Earth editor Sunita Narain said: “These record-breaking statistics reflect climate change’s impact, where events that used to occur once every century are now happening every five years or even less. This frequency is overwhelming the most vulnerable populations, who lack the resources to adapt to this relentless cycle of loss and damage.” The report also emphasises the need for climate reparations from high-emission countries responsible for much of the damage. Climate models are clear: extreme weather events are set to become more frequent and severe. Rajit Sengupta, who co-authored the report, said heatwaves claimed 210 lives but the data does not reflect the extended health impacts of prolonged high temperatures on the well-being of people in North India, including farmers and labourers, who endured intense heat with little means of relief. “Similarly, the toll of severe cold snaps and frost on crop losses is not captured, highlighting the need for robust compensation systems for weather-induced losses.” Sengupta underlined that without this support, farmers are pushed into debt, exacerbating their marginalisation and poverty. Speaking at the launch of the report, CSE director general and Down To Earth editor Sunita Narain said: “These record-breaking statistics reflect climate change’s impact, where events that used to occur once every century are now happening every five years or even less. This frequency is overwhelming the most vulnerable populations, who lack the resources to adapt to this relentless cycle of loss and damage.”

3238 लोगों की मौत, 32 लाख हेक्टेयर फसल बर्बाद... मौसम ने इस साल दिखाया रौद्र रूप

बाढ़, बारिश, तूफान, शीतलहर और चक्रवात... भारत को इस वर्ष के पहले नौ महीनों में 93 प्रतिशत दिनों में मौसम की मार झेलनी पड़ी है. मौसम की ये हेल्थ रिपोर्ट हैरान करने के साथ-साथ डराने वाली भी है. विज्ञान एवं पर्यावरण केंद्र (CSE) की रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक, इस साल प्राकृतिक आपदाओं में अब तक 3,238 लोगों की मौत हुई और करीब 32 लाख हेक्टेयर फसल बर्बाद हो चुकी है. मौसम ने इस साल रौद्र रूप CSE की रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक, देशभर में 35 राज्यों और केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में मौसम ने इस साल रौद्र रूप दिखाया है, जिसने मौसम वैज्ञानिकों को भी हैरान किया है. इस दौरान गर्मी और शीतलहर, चक्रवात, बिजली, भारी बारिश, बाढ़ और भूस्खलन में 3,238 लोगों की जान ले ली. इस दौरान 32 लाख हेक्टेयर फसल बर्बाद हो चुकी है. वहीं, 235,862 घर नष्ट हो गए और लगभग 9,457 पशुधन मारे गए. नवंबर में भी पड़ रही गर्मी मौसम की मार साल के अंतिम महीनों में भी देखने को मिल रही है. नवंबर का महीना शुरू हो गया है, लेकिन दिल्‍ली, यूपी, हरियाणा और राजस्‍थान में अभी तक ठंड पड़नी शुरू नहीं हुई है. दिल्‍ली में दोपहर में अब भी गर्मी का अहसास हो रहा है. मौसम विभाग की मानें तो इस समय दिल्ली का औसत तापमान 5 डिग्री ऊपर है. अगले 7 दिनों तक दिल्‍ली की रातें गर्म रहने का अनुमान है. दिल्ली ही नहीं, बाकी शहरों में भी मौसम का यही हाल है देखने को मिल रहा है. 2023 में कैसे थे हालात रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि मौसम की चरम परिस्थितियों ने 3,238 लोगों की जान ले ली, 32 लाख हेक्टेयर (एमएचए) फसलें प्रभावित हुईं, 2,35,862 मकान एवं इमारतें नष्ट हो गईं और 9,457 पशु मारे गए. इसकी तुलना में 2023 के शुरुआती नौ महीने में 273 दिनों में से 235 दिन मौसम की परिस्थितियां चरम दर्ज की गई थीं, जिसके कारण 2,923 लोगों की मौत हुई थी, 18 लाख 40 हजार हेक्टेयर फसलें प्रभावित हुई थीं, 80,293 मकान क्षतिग्रस्त हुए थे तथा 92,519 पशु मारे गए थे. रिपोर्ट तैयार करने वाले डेटा विश्लेषकों ने बताया कि रिपोर्ट में जो नुकसान दर्ज किया गया है, वह घटना-विशिष्ट नुकसानों का पूर्ण डेटा नहीं होने के कारण इससे भी अधिक हो सकता है. केरल में सबसे अधिक 550 लोगों की मौत मध्य प्रदेश में देश में सर्वाधिक 176 दिन तक मौसम की परिस्थितियां चरम रहीं. केरल में सबसे अधिक 550 लोगों की मौत हुई. उसके बाद मध्य प्रदेश (353) और असम (256) का नंबर आता है. आंध्र प्रदेश में सबसे अधिक (85,806) मकान क्षतिग्रस्त हुए, जबकि मौसम की चरम परिस्थितियों के कारण देशभर में जो फसलें नष्ट हुई, उनकी 60 प्रतिशत से अधिक फसलें महाराष्ट्र में नष्ट हुईं. फसलों को नुकसान के मामले में महाराष्ट्र के बाद मध्य प्रदेश (25,170 हेक्टेयर) का नंबर आता है. महाराष्ट्र में 142 दिन तक मौसम की परिस्थितियां चरम रहीं. इस साल 17 राज्यों और केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में चरम मौसम वाले दिनों में वृद्धि देखी गई जिनमें से कर्नाटक, केरल और उत्तर प्रदेश में ऐसी घटनाओं के 40 या उससे अधिक अतिरिक्त दिन रहे. जनवरी 1901 के बाद से भारत का नौवां सबसे सूखा महीना इस साल जलवायु संबंधी कई रिकॉर्ड भी स्थापित हुए. जनवरी 1901 के बाद से भारत का नौवां सबसे सूखा महीना रहा. फरवरी में, देश ने पिछले 123 वर्ष में अपना दूसरा सबसे कम न्यूनतम तापमान दर्ज किया. मई में चौथा सबसे अधिक औसत तापमान दर्ज किया गया और जुलाई, अगस्त एवं सितंबर में 1901 के बाद से सबसे कम न्यूनतम तापमान दर्ज किया गया. सीएसई की महानिदेशक सुनीता नारायण ने कहा कि रिकॉर्ड तोड़ आंकड़े जलवायु परिवर्तन के प्रभाव को दर्शाते हैं. उन्होंने कहा कि ऐसी घटनाएं पहले शताब्दी में एक बार होती थीं, वे अब हर पांच साल या उससे भी कम समय में हो रही हैं. रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, बाढ़ के कारण 1,376 लोगों की मौत हुई, जबकि वज्रपात और तूफान के कारण 1,021 लोगों की जान गई.

NO2 levels nearly 4 times safe limit in two weeks in Gurgaon

The city witnessed a significant rise in nitrous oxide (NO2), surpassing acceptable limits at numerous areas between Oct 26 and Nov 8. While authorities focus on controlling PM2.5 and PM10 emissions, NO2 concentrations have received limited attention, despite reaching nearly four times the global safety standards, as indicated by pollution monitoring stations across the city. Data from the Sector 51 monitoring station showed NO2 levels of 102 µg/m³ on Oct 27, 87 µg/m³ on Oct 28, 105 µg/m³ on Nov 1, 78 µg/m³ on Nov 3 and 87 µg/m³ on Nov 7. Gwalpahari station recorded 107 µg/m³ on Nov 2 and 101 µg/m³ on Nov 8. These figures significantly exceed both CPCB's annual limit of 40 µg/m³ and WHO's safe limit of 25 µg/m³. Extended exposure to high NO2 levels can result in chronic lung disease, diminished sense of smell, and damage to vegetation. Experts identified vehicles as the primary source of NO2 in the city. Sector 51 recorded the highest pollution levels, including AQI, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2, due to its dense housing, traffic congestion, urban settlements, poor road conditions and construction activities. The main NO2 contributors include road transport, coal-powered energy generation, and industrial activities. Shubhansh Tiwari, a research associate at Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), said, "The elevated NO2 levels in the city are predominantly due to vehicular emissions. Old vehicles and traffic congestion are the key sources of NO2 here. It has been observed that during winter, the air quality oscillates between "very poor" and "severe" as condensation of fine particulate matter in the lower layer of the atmosphere." "We have also given NOC to a private firm in Manesar to scrap old vehicles. This aims to remove polluting vehicles from the city roads," HSPCB regional officer Vijay Chaudhary. "NO₂ is a harmful gaseous air pollutant generated when fossil fuels like coal, oil, natural gas or diesel are burnt at high temperatures. Along with PM2.5, NO₂ is associated with various adverse health effects and is a major pollutant in traffic emissions. Each year, particularly during winter, air quality deteriorates due to these pollutants, affecting people in both urban and rural areas. According to the report of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), the number of farm fires rose from 60 on Oct 30 to 605 on Oct 31. Also, the report noted that NO2 levels were higher on Diwali night this year compared to the previous year. For the past three years, NO2 levels have been elevated on Diwali night and the nights leading up to it, pointing to increased congestion and heavy traffic conditions in the city as the festival approaches," Dr Manish Bansal from Medanta said. "Prolonged exposure to elevated levels of NO₂ can lead to numerous health issues, including chronic lung disease, decreased lung function, a higher risk of respiratory infections and asthma. It is also linked to cardiovascular problems like ischemic heart disease, stroke, acute heart failure, and inflammation. Research shows association between NO₂ exposure and neurological issues, and it may also contribute to kidney problems. Immediate symptoms include coughing, fatigue, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, and difficulty breathing," Dr Bansal added.

3000 से ज्यादा मौतें... भारत में इस साल हर दिन हुईं चरम मौसम की घटनाएं, CSE का ये डेटा डराने वाला है

भारत में मौसम की स्थिति को लेकर चौंकाने वाली रिपोर्ट सामने आई है। सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरनमेंट (CSE) की इस रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक, 2024 के पहले नौ महीनों में भारत ने 93 फीसदी दिनों तक भयानक मौसम का सामना किया। रिपोर्ट बताती है कि 274 दिनों में से 255 दिन देश के अलग-अलग हिस्सों में भीषण गर्मी, सर्दी, चक्रवात, बारिश, बाढ़ और भूस्खलन जैसी आपदाओं की चपेट में रहे। इन आपदाओं ने 3,238 लोगों की जान ले ली। 2.35 लाख से ज्यादा घर तबाह हो गए। खेती को भी भारी नुकसान हुआ है और 32 लाख हेक्टेयर से ज्यादा जमीन पर फसलें बर्बाद हो गई हैं।

India faced more extreme weather events, higher damages in 2024 compared to last year: CSE extreme weather report

Extreme weather events have been steadily on the rise in India. In 2024, India faced extreme weather events on 93 per cent of the days in the year’s first nine months - 255 out of 274 days - marked by heat and cold waves, cyclones, lightning, heavy rain, floods and landslides. These events claimed 3,238 lives, affected crops in 3.2 million hectare (mha), destroyed 235,862 houses and buildings, and killed approximately 9,457 livestock, stated the centre for science and environment (CSE) and down To earth, annual state of the extreme weather events report. Compared to this, the first nine months of 2023 recorded extreme weather on 235 of 273 days, with 2,923 deaths, 1.84 mha of crops affected, 80,293 houses damaged, and 92,519 animal deaths. Down to earth’s data analysts who have compiled this report point out that “it is very likely that even these reported damages are an underestimation due to incomplete data collection on event-specific losses, particularly on public property and crop damages”. The year 2024 also set several climate records. January was India’s ninth driest since 1901. In February, the country recorded its second-highest minimum temperature in 123 years. May saw the fourth-highest mean temperature on record, and July, August and September all registered their highest minimum temperatures since 1901. In the Northwest, January was the second driest, and July recorded the region’s second-highest minimum temperature. The Southern Peninsula saw its hottest February ever, followed by exceptionally hot and dry March and April, but with a 36.5 per cent surplus in July rainfall and the second-highest minimum temperature in August. Speaking at the launch of the report, CSE director general and Down to earth editor Sunita Narain said: “These record-breaking statistics reflect climate change’s impact, where events that used to occur once every century are now happening every five years or even less. This frequency is overwhelming the most vulnerable populations, who lack the resources to adapt to this relentless cycle of loss and damage.” In terms of event types, the past nine months have seen everything from lightning and storms - spanning 32 states and resulting in 1,021 deaths - to relentless monsoon rains, which led to flooding across various regions. Says Rajit Sengupta, associate editor of Down to earth and one of the writers of this report: “While heatwaves claimed 210 lives, the data does not reflect the extended health impacts of prolonged high temperatures on the wellbeing of people in North India, including farmers and laborers, who endured intense heat with little means of relief. Similarly, the toll of severe cold snaps and frost on crop losses is not captured, highlighting the need for robust compensation systems for weather-induced losses. Without this support, farmers are pushed into debt, exacerbating their marginalisation and poverty.” The report says that Madhya Pradesh experienced extreme weather on 176 days - the most in the country. Kerala recorded the highest fatalities at 550, followed by Madhya Pradesh (353) and Assam (256). Andhra Pradesh had the most houses damaged (85,806), while Maharashtra, which saw extreme events on 142 days, accounted for over 60 per cent of the affected crop area nation-wide, followed by Madhya Pradesh (25,170 ha). Regionally, central India faced the highest frequency of extreme events with 218 days, followed closely by the Northwest at 213 days. In terms of lives lost, the central region had the most deaths (1,001), followed by the southern peninsula (762 deaths), east and northeast (741 deaths) and northwest (734 deaths). Says Kiran Pandey, programme director of CSE’s environmental resources team and one of the writers of the report: “Twenty-seven states and Union Territories saw a rise in extreme weather days in 2024.” Richard Mahapatra, managing editor of Down to earth, says: “This extreme weather report card reveals not only the frequency of such events but also the cumulative and far-reaching damage they cause. This underscores the urgent need for systems that accurately capture losses, giving a human face to the impacts of climate change.” CSE researchers point out that the report highlights a critical shift that is needed in our approach to extreme events - from disaster response to risk reduction and resilience-building. Flood management, for example, requires more than plans on paper; it calls for the strategic development of drainage and water recharge systems, along with expanded green spaces and forests to act as natural water reservoirs in preparation for future storms. The report also emphasises the need for climate reparations from high-emission countries responsible for much of the damage. Climate models are clear: extreme weather events are set to become more frequent and severe. Says Narain: “This trend is no longer hypothetical - it is visible in the escalating crises we face today. This report is a necessary warning, a call to recognise nature’s backlash and the urgent action required to mitigate it. Without combating climate change at a meaningful scale, today’s challenges will only worsen tomorrow.”

Indian capital New Delhi plans drone flights to combat smog crisis

NEW DELHI - India’s capital unveiled plans on Nov 8 to fly special drones to clear pollution from its smog-choked skies – a plan derided by experts as another “band-aid” solution to a public health crisis. New Delhi and the surrounding metropolitan area, home to more than 30 million people, consistently tops world rankings for air pollution in winter. The smog is blamed for thousands of premature deaths each year and is an annual source of misery for the capital’s residents, with various piecemeal government initiatives failing to measurably address the problem. Nov 8 marked the start of a trial for an aerial drone tasked with flying around the city’s pollution hotspots to spray water mist in an effort to clear dust and harmful particulate matter from the air. “We have been examining different technological solutions and best practices from across the world,” Delhi environment minister Gopal Rai said after launching the initiative. “This one drone is part of a pilot project by a company. We will study, and if it succeeds, we will take this forward.” Mr Rai said that once the trial was over, the Delhi government would issue a tender to purchase two more drones. If implemented, the three drones would be responsible for mitigating air pollution across a city that stretches across 1,500sq km – around the same size as greater London. A technician at the site, speaking to AFP on condition of anonymity, said the drones carried a maximum 16 litres of water and could only operate for a few minutes at a time before they needed to be refilled. “But these are not the solution to air pollution,” Mr Sunil Dahiya of advocacy group Envirocatalysts told AFP. “These are band-aid solutions.” Prior government efforts to mitigate the smog, such as a public campaign encouraging drivers to turn off their engines at traffic lights, have failed to make an impact in the city. Delhi opened a “smog tower” – a 25m tower in the city centre containing fans that were touted as filtering 1,000 cubic metres of air per second – to much fanfare in 2021. The project was panned by experts when it was launched and is no longer operational. “Cutting emissions at the sources of the pollution is more important,” Ms Anumita Roychowdhury, executive director of the Centre for Science and Environment in New Delhi, told AFP. “We have enough studies to show that vehicles, industry, and construction are the areas that need intervention to tackle the issue.” The level of PM2.5 particles – the smallest and most harmful, which can enter the bloodstream – registered above 300 micrograms per cubic metre in Delhi this week, according to monitoring firm IQAir. That is 20 times the daily maximum recommended by the World Health Organisation. AFP