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Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

पराली जलाने की घटनाओं में आई भारी कमी, द‍िल्ली में अब वायु प्रदूषण का खलनायक कौन?

द‍िल्ली-एनसीआर में इस वक्त वायु प्रदूषण, जल प्रदूषण और ध्वन‍ि प्रदूषण बढ़ाने का खलनायक कौन है? जिन सरकारों और लोगों ने किसानों पर पराली जलाने के आरोप में एफआईआर दर्ज की है क्या उन्होंने कभी उन लोगों पर भी केस दर्ज करने की ह‍िम्मत की है ज‍िन्होंने असल में द‍िल्ली को प्रदूषित क‍िया है? क्या दिल्ली-एनसीआर के लोग अपनी गलतियों और कमियों को छिपाने के लिए किसानों को गुनहगार बताकर बच सकते हैं. क्यों आख‍िर अब भी दिल्ली में प्रदूषण के लिए सिर्फ पराली को जिम्मेदार माना जा रहा है, जबक‍ि क‍िसानों ने पराली जलाना लगभग बंद कर द‍िया है. आख‍िर सरकार प्रदूषण के ल‍िए रोड साइड की धूल, ब‍िल्ड‍िंग कंस्ट्रक्शन, सरकारी न‍िर्माण, एसयूवी और कॅमर्शियल वाहनों को ज‍िम्मेदार क्यों नहीं मानती? प्रदूषण के लिए किसानों को कोसने वालों की आंख खोलने वाला एक आंकड़ा सामने आया है. इस साल 15 स‍ितंबर से 31 अक्टूबर तक देश के छह सूबों पंजाब, हर‍ियाणा, यूपी, द‍िल्ली, राजस्थान और मध्य प्रदेश में सिर्फ 7,532 जगहों पर पराली जलाई गई है. जबक‍ि 2020 में स‍िर्फ तीन राज्यों पंजाब, हर‍ियाणा और यूपी में एक से 31 अक्टूबर तक ही 34,824 जगहों पर पराली जला दी गई थी. यानी पांच साल में पराली जलाने की घटनाओं में करीब 78 फीसदी की कमी दर्ज की गई है. इसके बावजूद प्रदूषण बढ़ ही रहा है तो द‍िल्ली वालों को अपनी कम‍ियों की ओर देखना चाह‍िए. इसे भी पढ़ें: क्यों नाराज हैं आढ़तिया और राइस म‍िलर, आख‍िर धान के 'संग्राम' का कब होगा समाधान? क‍िसानों ने द‍िखाई समझदारी भारतीय कृष‍ि अनुसंधान पर‍िषद (ICAR) की एक स्टडी में कहा गया है क‍ि एक से 31 अक्टूबर 2016 तक अकेले पंजाब में पराली जलाने की 42,712 घटनाएं हुई थीं. जबक‍ि, इस साल यानी 2024 में 15 स‍ितंबर से 31 अक्टूबर के बीच स‍िर्फ 2,950 मामले सामने आए हैं. एक से 31 अक्टूबर 2016 के बीच हर‍ियाणा में पराली जलाने की 7,726 मामले हुए थे, जबक‍ि 15 स‍ितंबर से 31 अक्टूबर 2024 के बीच स‍िर्फ 784 केस सामने आए हैं. क‍िसान अपनी ज‍िम्मेदारी समझ रहे हैं, इसल‍िए अब घटनाएं कम हो गई हैं. उत्तर प्रदेश में एक से 31 अक्टूबर 2016 के बीच पराली जलाने के 3,904 मामले आए थे, जबक‍ि 15 स‍ितंबर से 31 अक्टूबर के बीच स‍िर्फ 1,118 मामले सामने आए हैं. जाह‍िर है क‍ि क‍िसान पराली जलाने के पंगे से अब बच रहे हैं. पराली जलाने की घटती घटनाएं साल मामले 2024 7532 2023 13645 2022 19920 2021 18449 2020 34824* #31 अक्टूबर तक Source: ICAR *2020 से पहले 01 अक्टूबर से ही मॉन‍िटर‍िंग होती थी, वो भी स‍िर्फ तीन राज्यों पंजाब, हर‍ियाणा, यूपी में. 2021 के बाद से पराली जलने की घटनाओं की मॉन‍िटर‍िंग 15 स‍ितंबर से होने लगी थी. साथ ही छह राज्यों को शाम‍िल क‍िया गया. इसमें पंजाब, हर‍ियाणा, यूपी, द‍िल्ली, राजस्थान और मध्य प्रदेश शाम‍िल हैं. क‍िसानों के बचाव में सीएसई सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरनमेंट (CSE) ने भी किसानों का बचाव करते हुए कहा है क‍ि प्रदूषण के लिए दिल्ली खुद जिम्मेदार है. खेतों में पराली जलाने की घटनाओं में भारी कमी दर्ज की गई है, बावजूद प्रदूषण बढ़ा है. दिल्ली की खराब हवा के लिए स्थानीय सोर्स और खास तौर पर ट्रांसपोर्ट की भूमिका ज्यादा है. सीएसई की स्टडी में कहा गया है कि रोजाना के प्रदूषण में 50 फीसदी से अधिक हिस्सेदारी ट्रांसपोर्ट, 13 फीसदी आवासीय, 11 फीसदी इंडस्ट्री और 7 फीसदी कंस्ट्रक्शन की है. इस साल अब तक खेतों में लगी आग का दिल्ली की वायु गुणवत्ता पर सबसे कम असर देखा गया है.

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

Vehicles, not farm fires, major contributors to Delhi’s poor air quality: Study

New Delhi: A Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) study shows that Delhi’s air quality remains between ‘poor’ and ‘very poor,’ with local pollution sources, especially transport, playing a major role despite fewer farm fires. CSE’s Anumita Roychowdhury said that while farm fires contributed just 1-3 per cent to Delhi’s pollution, local sources, particularly vehicles, have a major impact. CSE programme manager Shambhavi Shukla added that current PM2.5 levels are comparable or even worse than previous winters, driven by high traffic congestion and idling emissions. The study analysed air quality and traffic

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

A to Z of AQI Why Delhi can't breathe easy

The Centre for Science and Environment analysed PM2.5 concentration levels from 15 September to 28 October in the 'pre-Diwali' period, and found that ...

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

Delhi-NCR Air Pollution: Punjab records 484 stubble-burning cases on Diwali, nearly 3,000 farm fires in 2024 so far

As Delhi's air quality deteriorated further thanks to the relentless bursting of firecrackers despite a ban to celebrate Diwali, its neighbouring state, Punjab, on Thursday reported 484 stubble-burning cases. This is the highest number of cases in a single day in 2024. According to data from the Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB), the total number of stubble-burning cases in the state this year has now reached 2,950. Out of all the districts in Punjab, Sangrur reported 89 cases of stubble burning, the highest number on Thursday. Following Sangrur, Ferozepur reported 65 cases, whereas Mansa reported 40 cases. This year, Amritsar has reported the maximum number of cases at 529, whereas Tarn Taran has recorded 444 cases. Sangrur has recorded 348 cases. The Sangrur administration is taking stringent action against officials who were not able to avoid such incidents, a Hindustan Times report said, citing Sandeep Rishi, deputy commissioner of Sangrur. The district has reported 147 incidents of stubble burning in the last three days. The administration has suspended eight officials and registered cases against three employees under section 14 of the Commission for Air Quality Monitoring (CAQM) Act. Additionally, a letter has been written to higher officials to their departments to suspend three other officials, the report added. The state has observed a rise in stubble-burning cases due to paddy harvesting and burning of crop residue. Other districts such as Patiala, Ferozepur and Mansa have been witnessing a rising number of farm fire incidents in the last few days. Meanwhile, Delhi’s air quality has dropped from ‘poor’ to ‘very poor’ mainly due to local pollution sources, according to a PTI report citing an analysis by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE).

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

Diwali Delhi pollution: AQI drops to 'very poor' at 329, study reveals local sources responsible not stubble burning

Delhi woke up to ‘very poor’ air quality on Thursday, coinciding with the ongoing Diwali celebrations. The Air Quality Index (AQI) recorded at 7:45 am stood at 329, indicating a shift from 'very poor' to 'poor' air conditions. Although there has been a decrease in farm fires, local pollution sources remain significant contributors to the declining air quality, which has lingered between 'poor' and 'very poor' for several days, according to a study conducted by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE).

Climate Change and Green Economy

Show Us the Money: Global South

The COP 29 (the 29th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) is scheduled to begin on November 11 at Baku, in Azerbaijan. It will work towards reaching an agreement on what is called the ‘New Collective Quantified Goal’ (NCQG) on climate finance. The NCQG will replace commitments made by developed countries in 2009 to support climate action in developing countries, by providing US $100 billion per year by 2020 A new position paper by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has spelt out all the key debates around climate finance and offers some principles that can ensure an equitable and ambitious outcome at the Conference. Speaking at the briefing, CSE director general Sunita Narain said, “COP 29 has the potential to become the most important climate conference since Paris – given how crucial financial support is for developing countries to reach their climate goals. We have seen till now that the provision of climate finance by the Global North has been inadequate, and the Global South has been repeatedly let down by unmet pledges and commitments. We are hoping to see some change in this status quo at Baku.”

Solid Waste Management and Circular Economy

Is the polluter really paying in India’s plastic packaging management ecosystem?

India is taking steps to fight the plastic waste menace, but its efforts will not see fruition unless it gives more teeth to its policies and guidelines – a case in point is that of the country’s Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) guidelines for plastic packaging. A new analysis by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) highlights significant gaps in the implementation of the guidelines. These findings, say CSE researchers, combined with a set of targeted recommendations, underscore the need for robust interventions to ensure that India’s EPR framework effectively addresses plastic pollution and upholds the “polluter pays” principle. EPR in this context implies that producers and other stakeholders (such as importers etc) of plastic packaging material can be held accountable for their products through their entire lifecycle. This means that Producers, Importers, and Brand Owners (PIBOs) must invest in collection, transportation, channelisation and recycling of packaging plastic waste. The EPR guidelines, issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) on February 16, 2022, require manufacturers, PIBOs as well as Plastic Waste Processors (PWPs) to register on a centralised portal. This framework sets specific targets for collection, recycling, end-of-life, recycled content usage and selective re-use in plastic packaging. CSE’s study, however, reveals major gaps in enforcement and systemic integrity that need urgent redressal. Speaking at the release of the CSE assessment here yesterday, Sunita Narain, director general, CSE, said: “We must manage our plastic in a manner so that it does not become a waste. The government’s EPR guidelines are an important tool, but the operational loopholes and other concerns that have emerged from the CSE assessment can lead to questions about its integrity – we must ensure that all this effort does not end up being a “waste” of time.” The EPR ecosphere and the portal The centralised EPR portal has received 41,577 registrations from PIBOs (till the time of the CSE assessment) — 83 per cent of the registered PIBOs are Importers, 11 per cent are Producers and 6 per cent are Brand Owners. Of these, Producers are responsible for introducing the majority of plastic packaging into the Indian market — cumulatively accounting for 65 per cent of the total. Brand Owners are the next biggest contributors with 26 per cent. Importers, despite being the highest in numbers to register, have only introduced 9 per cent of the plastic packaging introduced in the market. Says Atin Biswas, programme director, sustainable solid waste management and circular economy unit, CSE: “No Manufacturers of virgin plastics feature on the portal, despite the EPR guidelines mandating registration for Manufacturers. Another concern is that key contributors to plastic waste management such as urban local bodies (ULBs) and informal waste collectors lack representation in the EPR framework. This absence deprives them of incentives and support to manage plastic waste effectively, placing an undue burden on local governments.” While collection targets have been in force since the notification of the guidelines, the (mechanical) recycling targets have kicked in from the fiscal year 2024-25. In the financial year 2024-25, registered PIBOs have a mandate to mechanically recycle 35 per cent of the total plastic packaging introduced into the Indian market across all plastic categories. These PIBOs have introduced 23.9 million tonne (MT) of plastic packaging into the Indian market since the launch of the EPR portal in April 2022 – this translates into an annual average plastic packaging waste generation of about 8 MT. Says Biswas: “This indicates that the Central Pollution Control Board’s (CPCB’s) estimation of annual average plastic waste generation (all kinds of plastic waste) of 4.1 MT is an underestimation.” The MLP menace There is another problem: almost 66 per cent of the plastic packaging introduced into the Indian market is flexible in nature – this kind of plastic is difficult to collect and recycle. A March 2024 amendment to the EPR guidelines under the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 has reclassified multi-layered plastic (MLP) packaging — used to package chips, biscuits etc, and other small formats such as sachets – as flexible plastic packaging. Says Siddharth G Singh, programme manager, sustainable solid waste management and circular economy unit, CSE: “Cities across the Indian sub-continent have been struggling to deal with MLP packaging: a very small fraction of this waste goes for mechanical recycling and processing. The reclassification of MLP into flexible plastic category takes away the pressure from PIBOs to design their plastic packaging better, keeping the end-of-life of plastics in consideration. The burden of collecting and managing problematic formats of plastic packaging thus falls on local governments.”

Climate Change and Green Economy

Climate finance to take centre stage at upcoming climate COP

Deadlock over quantity and contributor base Statements on the climate finance goals, by countries and blocs, underline conflicting positions on finance among negotiators. On October 26, Ali Mohamed, the Special Climate Envoy for Kenya, wrote on X, formerly Twitter, “The NCQG must ensure burden-sharing among developed countries, providing transparency, predictability, and accountability. The finance goal should also respond to and address the global economic challenges, high capital costs, the unsustainable debt burden, and the unfair global financial system.” His statement reflects the stance of developing countries that are expecting a deal that meets their needs and is transparent and predictable. Meanwhile, the Council of the European Union (EU) released a statement on October 14, that says, “The new goal should be designed on the basis of a broad, transformative and multi-layered approach, including various flows of finance and a broader group of contributors.” The EU statement indicates the expectation to expand the group of contributors to the climate finance goal. The divergence in these statements indicates that primarily, consensus needs to be built on the issues related to the quantity of finance, quality of finance, and contributor base. Several developing countries have estimated the amount of funds required to finance climate goals. For example, India and like-minded developing countries have asked for $1 trillion per year until 2030, while the Arab group has estimated climate finance requirement to be $1.1 trillion per year. The African group has estimated a $1.3 trillion per year requirement, and recently, Pakistan put out a standalone written submission in which it has estimated $2 trillion per year until 2030. Developed countries, in contrast, have not given any estimate regarding the quantum of finance required. They have, instead, been pushing to expand the pool of contributors or the countries that will provide the finance. Switzerland and Canada have even specified criteria for reassessing the donor countries. “These proposals (by Switzerland and Canada) do not account for cumulative emissions, erasing historical responsibility from the equation completely,” says a paper published by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a New Delhi based not-for-profit public interest research and advocacy organisation, on November 28. Switzerland proposed a criterion to expand the donor base, targeting countries among the top ten current emitters with a per capita gross national income (GNI), adjusted for purchasing power parity, exceeding $22,000. Using publicly available data, the CSE compiled a list of countries meeting this criterion. This list for potential donor countries included China, United States of America (USA), Russia, Japan, Germany, Saudi Arabia and South Korea. While India, Indonesia and Iran are also among the top ten current emitters, they are not considered in the list of contributors because of low GNI per capita. In multiple fora, developing countries have been arguing that it is against previous commitments. Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement clearly says that developed countries under the UNFCCC will provide financial resources to assist developing countries in mitigating and adapting to climate change. The UNFCCC’s Article 4.3 specifically talks about the obligations of providing financial assistance. Developing countries also argue that any negotiation regarding the contributors (Annex II) means reinterpretation of the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement. Given the timeline to decide on NCQG, opening the new discussion may derail the whole process, they argue. One of the authors of the CSE report, Sehr Raja, Programme Officer, Climate Change, CSE, says that developed countries are responsible for almost all the carbon dioxide emitted until the 1980s. While the less industrialised or developing country emissions are growing now, they have stated in climate negotiations that industrialised or developed countries cannot hold developing countries responsible after already getting the gains.

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

Delhi Weather: Diwali Eve Records Second Hottest Day This October; Air Quality 'Very Poor'

social Air pollution in Delhi Air quality diwaliAir pollution in Delhi (Representational Image) Photo: PTI Despite several anti-pollution measures, Delhi people woke up to a thick layer of smog on Thursday morning with the overall air quality index (AQI) remaining in the "very poor" category, as per the real-time data provided by the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research (SAFAR). Moreover, Diwali eve on Wednesday recorded the second-highest maximum temperature of the month at 36.1 degrees Celsius which was 5.1 degrees above normal, the weather department said. The highest temperature of the month was recorded on October 19 at 36.2 degrees Celsius. However, according to the weather experts, the temperatures are still within the normal range and are expected to drop after the second week of November. Local pollutants causing air pollution: Study A recent analysis by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) suggested that despite a reduced number of farm fires, local pollutant sources continued to be the primary cause behind air pollution in Delhi accounting for 95 per cent of PM2.5 particles. According to the CSE analysis primarily vehicular emissions are responsible for this decline. However, residential burning, industrial emissions, and construction activities also play a crucial role in exacerbation of air quality. The pre-Diwali and pre-winter analysis of the study showed that farm fires contribute only about 4.44 per cent to Delhi's PM2.5 levels, while local pollution sources account for more than 95 per cent.

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

Delhi's air quality worsens on Diwali as AQI dips to 'Severe' category

Delhi Air Quality Index, Delhi Pollution: Delhi on Thursday witnessed a thick layer of smog with air quality reaching the 'Severe' category on Diwali 2024 day. According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the Air Quality Index (AQI) in Anand Vihar was recorded at 419. In Aya Nagar, the AQI was 308, while Jahangir Puri saw an AQI of 395, and Dwarka reached 359, all in the 'Very Poor' category, at around 7 am. On Wednesday, the air quality in the national capital slipped into the "very poor" category even as authorities said strict action would be taken against those violating the firecracker ban. According to a report, the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune said the air quality in the national capital is likely to be in the "very poor" category (AQI 300 to 400) on Thursday and Friday. On Diwali eve, the Delhi’s neighboring areas like Ghaziabad, Gurugram, Greater Noida, and Noida, the air quality remained "poor". In contrast, Faridabad's air quality was "moderate" with a reading of 181, according to the CPCB. The report further added that in 2023, Diwali was celebrated on November 12 and Delhi recorded its best air quality on Diwali day in eight years, with the average AQI at 218. Delhi Air Pollution The CPCB's data also highlights significant pollution levels in the National Capital, creating health risks for residents in affected areas. On the other hand, the recent analysis by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) reveals that pre-Diwali and pre-winter assessment shows that farm fires contribute only about 4.44 per cent to Delhi's PM2.5 levels, while local pollution sources account for more than 95 per cent. It further noted that the transport sector is responsible for more than half of the pollution, followed by residential burning (13 per cent), industrial emissions (11 per cent), and construction activities (7 per cent).

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

Delhi’s AQI ‘Very Poor’ On Diwali, Thick Layer Of Smog Blankets National Capital

Delhiites woke up to ‘very poor’ air quality on Diwali (Thurday). The Air Quality Index (AQI) recorded at 7:45 am stood at 329, indicating a shift from ‘very poor’ to ‘poor’ air conditions. Although there has been a decrease in farm fires, local pollution sources remain significant contributors to the declining air quality, which has lingered between ‘poor’ and ‘very poor’ for several days, according to a study conducted by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). An AQI between zero and 50 is considered “good”; 51 to 100 “satisfactory”; 101 to 200 “moderate”; 201 to 300 “poor”; 301 to 400 “very poor”; and 401 to 500 “severe”. In Aya Nagar, the AQI was 308, while Jahangirpuri and Dwarka recorded 395 and 359, respectively. Weather department officials have said that the city’s AQI levels are likely to improve after 11 am when the temperature will begin to rise and the windspeed is also expected to gain strength. Delhi has witnessed worsening air quality in the past few weeks. On Wednesday as well, the city’s AQI levels stood in the “very poor” category amid concerns that it was likely to further deteriorate in the wake of the bursting of crackers on Diwali.

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

Banning crackers is wrong': Ex-Infosys CFO Mohandas Pai slams Delhi govt's 'totalitarian' move

A recently released report from Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) found that smoke from vehicles contributed to more than half of the air pollution in Delhi. Former Infosys CFO TV Mohandas Pai on Thursday hit out at the Delhi government for banning crackers during Diwali and called the move "draconian" and "totalitarian". He further added that pollution in Delhi is not caused by the bursting of crackers.

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

Delhi pollution caused primarily by local sources, not farm fires: Report

Local sources of pollution, rather than farm fires, were primarily to blame for Delhi’s deteriorating air quality ahead of Diwali this year, according to a report by the non-profit organisation Centre for Science and Environment on Thursday. Delhi’s air quality deteriorated from “poor” to the “very poor” category of the air quality index even though stubble burning in the neighbouring states of Punjab and Haryana was only responsible for 4.4% of the pollution load in the capital, the analysis said. An air quality index value between 201 and 300 is considered “poor”, while an index value between 301 and 400 is considered “very poor”. Air quality in the “very poor” category can lead to respiratory illness on prolonged exposure. The Centre for Science and Environment analysed PM2.5 concentration trends from September 15 to October 28 and compared the data with that of previous years. PM2.5 refers to tiny airborne particles about 30 times smaller than the width of a human hair and can easily be breathed into the lungs and the bloodstream. The organisation found that vehicular emissions contributed to more than half of the pollution emanating from local sources in Delhi. This was followed by residential burning at 13%, industry at 11%, construction at 7%, energy at 6%, waste burning at 5% and road dust and other sources at 4% each.

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

Delhi's AQI tanks as air disaster looms on Diwali

Pollution levels in Delhi surged and returned to the “very poor” zone of the air quality index (AQI) on Wednesday, as a thin cloak of grey haze sheathed the city, setting the stage for a potentially bruising Diwali, when the flagrant use of firecrackers will likely drag the Capital into yet another annual air emergency. The AQI jumped to 307 at 4pm, compared to 268 (poor) at the same time the previous day, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data showed, with barely any surface-level winds of note, even as the long-range transport winds began blowing in from the northwest once again, sweeping in with them hazardous plumes of smoke from farm fires in Punjab. By 11pm, the AQI worsened to 317. These winds, coupled with violations of the blanket firecracker ban, may give Delhi its first tryst with “severe” air this season, experts warned, as the Capital neared the end of its most polluted October since 2020. Every year, Delhi’s skies rumble with the sounds of firecrackers that explode across the city with no intervention from enforcement authorities despite far-ranging curbs on their manufacture, sale and use. This results in a deadly cocktail — emissions from these firecrackers, laden with toxic chemicals like barium, sulphur and lead, dovetail with the already steep levels of local pollutants and smoke from farm fires. The nearly still winter air keeps these pollutants trapped close to the earth, smothering residents with fine particulate matter (microscopic pollutants) that freely travel into people’s lungs and can cause severe respiratory and cardiac illnesses. Anumita Roychowdhury, executive director, research and advocacy at the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), said Delhi’s worsening air was primarily down to local factors, with conditions likely to worsen if stubble smoke and firecracker emissions are added to the mix.

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility

पराली जलाने के मामले कम हुए फिर क्यों रोज जहरीली होती जा रही है दिल्ली की हवा? जानिए वजह

2024 के इस सीजन में पड़ोसी राज्यों में पराली जलाने के मामलों में काफी कमी आई है। इसके बावजूद हवा में सांस लेना मुश्किल हो रहा है। सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरमेंट (सीएसई) ने इस पर बुधवार को अपना विश्लेषण जारी किया है। सीएसई के अनुसार, दिवाली से पहले राजधानी के प्रदूषण में सबसे बड़ी हिस्सेदारी गाड़ियों की है। दिवाली से पहले राजधानी के प्रदूषण में पराली की औसत हिस्सेदारी 4.44 प्रतिशत है, इसके बावजूद बुधवार को हवा खराब से बेहद खराब स्तर पर पहुंच गई। रोज के प्रदूषण की बात करें तो गाड़ियों से होने वाले प्रदूषण की हिस्सेदारी करीब 50 प्रतिशत तक रही है। इसके बाद रेजिडेंशियल बर्निंग की 13 प्रतिशत, इंडस्ट्री पल्यूशन की 11 प्रतिशत और कंस्ट्रक्शन सेक्टर की सात प्रतिशत हिस्सेदारी रही है। सबसे अधिक कंजेशन साउथ और वेस्ट दिल्ली में रहा। राजधानी में अब तक पराली के धुंए का गुबार नहीं दिखा है।जमीनी स्तर पर काफी काम करने की जरूरतसीएसई की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, इसका साफ मतलब यह है कि राजधानी में प्रदूषण को कम करने के लिए जमीनी स्तर पर काफी काम करने की जरूरत है। खास तौर पर गाड़ियों से होने वाले प्रदूषण को कम करना लाजमी है। सीएसई की अनुमिता रायचौधरी ने बताया कि आमतौर पर हर साल राजधानी में पराली की हिस्सेदारी की वजह से प्रदूषण बढ़ता है। पहले फेज में पराली सबसे बड़ी वजह बनकर उभरती है। लेकिन इस बार ऐसा नहीं है। हवा खराब से बेहद खराब स्तर पर पहुंची है और पराली की हिस्सेदारी अब तक ज्यादातर दिनों में महज 1 से 3 प्रतिशत तक ही रही है। महज दो दिन यह 8 से 16 प्रतिशत तक पहुंची है। इससे पता चल रहा है कि राजधानी अब भी स्थानीय वजहों से काफी प्रदूषित है। सीएसई का यह विश्लेषण ऐसे समय में आया है जब सर्दियों का आगाज होने को है और दिवाली लगभग आ चुकी है। सीएसई के क्लीन एयर प्रोग्राम की प्रोग्राम मैनेजर संभवी शुक्ला के अनुसार, इस साल पीएम 2.5 के हिस्से 2023 के प्री दिवाली सीजन से ज्यादा ही है। राजधानी की प्रमुख सड़कों से जाम खत्म करने की जरूरत है। गाड़ियां जाम की वजह से इंजन चालू रखकर खड़ी रहती है। इससे सड़कों पर पल्यूशन बढ़ता है। 15 सितंबर से 28 अक्टूबर के बीच यह विश्लेषण तैयार किया गया है।मुख्य बातें➤पीएम 2.5 ने इस बार 14 अक्टूबर को 100 एमजीसीएम के स्तर को पार कर लिया। 2023 में यह इस समय कम था। अब इसके तेजी से बढ़ने की संभावना है। इस साल पीएम 2.5 का सबसे अधिक स्तर 23 अक्टूबर को रहा, उस दिन पराली प्रदूषण 16 प्रतिशत रहा था। 2023 के मुकाबले इस बार 1 से 28 अक्टूबर के बीच पीएम 2.5 का स्तर 13 प्रतिशत तक बढ़ा है।➤इस साल सर्दियों के इस पहले फेज में खराब और बेहद खराब दिनों की संख्या बढ़ी है। वहीं अच्छे दिनों की संख्या कम हुई है। इस दौरान 11 दिन हवा बेहद खराब स्तर पर रही। यह बीते तीन सालों में सबसे अधिक है। प्री दिवाली सीजन में 16 दिन खराब और बेहद खराब रहे हैं। वहीं 2022 व 2023 में ऐसे दिनों की संख्या 13 से अधिक नहीं हुई थी।किस वजह से प्रदूषित हुई राजधानी➤इस साल 1 से 28 अक्टूबर के बीच औसत पराली प्रदूषण महज 4.44 प्रतिशत रहा। इसके बावजूद दूसरे राज्यों से दूसरे तरह का प्रदूषण आ रहा है।➤दिल्ली में प्रदूषण की सबसे बड़ी वजह गाड़ियां हैं। दिल्ली में प्रदूषण के सोर्स में तकरीबन 50 प्रतिशत प्रदूषण इसी वजह से है। इसके बाद 13 प्रतिशत हिस्सेदारी रेजिडेंशियल बर्निंग, 11 प्रतिशत इंडस्ट्रियल और 7 प्रतिशत कंस्ट्रक्शन की हिस्सेदारी है। 6 प्रतिशत हिस्सेदारी एनर्जी, 5 प्रतिशत कूड़ा जलाना और 4 प्रतिशत सड़क की धूल की हिस्सेदारी है।➤20 अक्टूबर तक पराली से होने वाले प्रदूषण की हिस्सेदारी एक प्रतिशत से कम रही। 22 से 25 अक्टूबर के बीच पराली के मामले बढ़े हैं।➤13 हॉट स्पॉट में मुंडका और बवाना को छोड़कर अक्टूबर में पीएम 2.5 का स्तर 2023 की तुलना में अधिक रहा है। मुंडका में 12 प्रतिशत और बवाना में 7 प्रतिशत की कमी आई है। इसके बावजूद बवाना में 21 से 28 अक्टूबर के बीच पीएम 2.5 का औसत स्तर 201 एमजीसीएम तक रहा। बुराडी में यह इस दौरान 204 एमजीसीएम और जहांगीरपुरी में 201 एमजीसीएम रहा।➤आनंद विहार इस सीजन में अब तक सबसे बड़ा हॉट स्पॉट रहा है। यहां पीएम 2.5 का स्तर 111 एमजीसीएम रहा। दूसरे नंबर पर जहांगीरपुरी में 102 एमजीसीएम, नेहरू नगर और विवेक विहार में यह 92 एमजीसीएम रहा।

Clean Air & Sustainable Mobility