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全球温度连续12个月创纪录背后:有多少人死于高温?

六年前的那个夏天,绵阳的空气特别闷热。罗潇和父亲罗平最后一次的交流是在电话里,父亲对她说,自己打算回家做工,工地就在罗潇租的房子对面,离家打工10年后,终于可以回家了。 对于罗平来说,回家是件难得的事。2008年汶川地震,罗家刚好在重灾区边缘,震后重建花光了存款和补贴,还欠了些外债。此后十年里,他一直在青海、云南两地做建筑工人,为了省钱,即便是要坐好几天才能回家的慢速火车,也只有过年才舍得。 如今一家人终于有机会重新一起生活,电话里虽然见不着面,但两人都很高兴。罗潇记得:“我爸说,之后如果干完活太晚太累不想回去,我就住在你那儿吧,等我落实下来,过几天就搬过去,我说没问题。” 然而新的生活刚刚开始就戛然而止。回来工作的第三天傍晚,忙了一天的罗平正收拾工具准备下班,突然晕倒在地。工友们赶紧把他送到医院急救,接诊后测体温达41摄氏度。当罗潇接到电话赶去时,父亲已在ICU里陷入深度昏迷,身上放了20多瓶冰冻矿泉水物理降温。 医生告诉罗潇,初步诊断结果为热射病,即重症中暑。她的第一反应是“应该不会要命”,还安慰情绪崩溃的母亲:“没事儿,人已经在医院了,让医生治疗就好了”。 没有想到,经6天抢救,做了两次手术,为了帮助散热,医生还取下了罗平的一小块头骨,但他最终还是去世了。《司法鉴定意见书》里这样描述:“符合热射病并脑挫裂伤出血梗死,(继发大叶性肺炎)致急性呼吸循环功能障碍死亡”。罗潇说不了这么多专业术语,她只知道,父亲死于无法调节的身体高温。 2024年6月12日,西安灞桥区一建筑工地内,当时的地表温度52.9℃。 高温是最致命的极端天气。人类排放温室气体导致全球变暖加剧,截至2023年,地球平均温度已经比工业化前水平上升了1.2摄氏度。截至今年6月,全球平均气温已连续12个月比工业化前高出1.5摄氏度,创下有记录以来的高温纪录。 近年来,全球范围内可感知的高温天数和热度都在增加,然而人们对于高温的危害认识却始终像是“温水煮青蛙”般不温不火。在一个个看似孤立的悲剧背后,高温致死问题的严重性被大大低估。而要破解这一切,首先要从一个关键的问题开始:究竟有多少人被高温杀死? 被忽视的高温杀手 罗平1967年生,事发时刚过50岁,平时没什么不良嗜好,身体也不错。他没有中过暑,没有高血压等慢性病,除了2012年得过一次胃溃疡外没有其他疾病史;他很少喝酒抽烟,偶尔工作累了,也仅小酌一杯。 出事前几天,他还没有搬到女儿的出租屋里,每天晚上都回家。前一天妻子见到他时一切如常,“看上去挺精神的”;每天一起上下班的工友也没发觉异样,这让事故的到来显得猝不及防。 事发当天,当地的最高气温是32.9摄氏度,待在有荫蔽的地方并非难以忍受;但罗平当天恰好在3米多深的基坑中,四周用混凝土板支护,太阳光无遮挡地直射下来,手边的木制模型都开始发烫。此时,空气不流通加上热量积聚,坑中的体感温度比外头高出不少。 当环境温度超过30摄氏度,尤其是在高湿度条件下,人体的散热功能会开始弱化;当热指数(综合温度和湿度)达到或超过37.8摄氏度时,户外工作或运动的健康风险显著增加。而多数户外工作者很难像一般的高温避险建议里说的那样,“待在室内,保持通风,减少体力消耗”——工作环境与生计需求并没有给他们提供太多选择。 事实是,同样面对高温天气,不同群体的处境是不相同甚至不平等的。印度可持续未来合作组织研究员巴尔加夫·克里希娜(Bhargav Krishna)告诉澎湃新闻(www.thepaper.cn),除了职业之外,年龄、既有健康状况、是否怀孕、住房条件等都决定着个体面对高温时的脆弱性。“老年人、孕妇面临的风险更大;非正规住宅通常没有足够的应对机制,无论是通风、降温设备,还是供水和医疗条件。”她说。 与罗平相似的悲剧每一年都在发生。2022年7月14日,在浙江余姚最热的时候,装卸工人张公前在12平米、没有空调的出租屋里去世,前几天他便出现了中暑症状,“热得难受”,但因请假要扣工资,便顶着40摄氏度的高温又加了两天班。 2023年7月2日,48岁的导游龚贺带着研学团的孩子们逛完颐和园后,在前往下一站的大巴上昏迷,送院抢救时他的体温升到42摄氏度,距离他出现不适已经过去了两三个小时,医生判断“送来晚了”,他最终死于热射病。 清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院黄存瑞研究发现,中国的热浪相关死亡人数具有快速增长、非线性和极端性的时间演变特征。过去40年间,热浪归因死亡负担增加了四倍,从1980年代的3679人上升到2010年代的15500人。另外,2010年代的归因死亡人数增速相较于1980-2009年又加快了2.8倍。近年来,其极端性愈加显著,2013、2017、2019年归因死亡人数均超过2万人。 不仅在中国,全球各地因为高温死亡的悲剧也在不断发生。据《卫报》报道,截至2024年7月,美国亚利桑那州马里科帕县法医报告的高温死亡人数为175人,比去年同期增加84%。 当地时间2024年5月30日,印度瓦拉纳西,医生正在检查一名中暑患者。 在人口最多的发展中国家印度,2024年有记录以来最长的极端高温给当地的公共健康造成了严重影响。据印度卫生部数据,印度各地长达数月的热浪已造成100多人死亡; 尽管高温对我们的生活影响越来越大,然而大多数人仍没有给予足够的关注。其中一个重要的原因是高温导致死亡的人数被远远低估了。据世卫组织估计,2000-2019年间,全球每年有49万人死于高温。但由于许多复杂的原因,许多高温死亡并没有被计入官方数字,实际数字可能远远不止于此。 为什么高温死亡难统计? 罗平因高温引发的热射病去世。这在大多数人看来是个小概率事件,但事实是,高温的威胁始终存在,只不过时常被忽视。 《全球柳叶刀人群健康与气候变化倒计时报告2023》(下称《全球报告》)显示,2018-2022年,全球人类平均每年经历86天对健康造成威胁的高温天气,其中有60%的发生概率因人类活动引起的气候变化而提高。 根据美国疾控中心(CDC)的数据,美国平均每年因高温死亡的人数在702例左右,近年来,由于气候变化导致的极端高温事件增多,这一数字有上升趋势。2023年,美国有2300多例死亡证明中提到了高温的影响,但佐治亚理工学院城市与区域规划学院教授布莱恩·斯通(Brian Stone)认为,这一结果仍然是被低估的。 其中一个重要原因是统计指标的分类变化。根据美国环境保护局的计算,1999-2014年,高温作为“根本原因”而导致死亡的人数每年仅有约600人,如果考虑高温作为“促成因素”,死亡人数则显著提升,在某些年份甚至翻了一番。 斯通告诉澎湃新闻:“考虑到所有因素的统计数据,美国每年与高温有关的死亡病例实际接近12000例。” 在两类数据的巨大差距之间,是死亡记录的分类标准不统一、死亡证明的填写和审核不可控以及数据收集和报告系统不完善等重要因素带来的障碍。不同国家、地区、统计主体对高温死亡的分类标准不同,有关指标可能也会随时间修正和调整。许多国家至今仍没有“高温致死”这一统计类别。 当地时间2024年5月30日,美国凤凰城,护士Perla Puebla正在给病人注射液,使其免受高温疾病。 罗平去世后,罗潇在律师的建议下给遗体做了司法鉴定,确认其符合热射病死亡。但在其他很多情况中,高温仅作为一种外部因素隐于直接病因背后。 高温死亡归因的复杂性与治疗、登记、认证等一系列死亡信息收集步骤相关,斯通告诉澎湃新闻:“许多与高温有关的疾病患者不会去医院就诊,而与高温有关的死亡要求尸体到达医院后核心体温达到40摄氏度——如果温度在运输过程中下降,则会记录另一种死亡原因。” 在现实中,医生和验尸官在填写死亡证明时,未必能充分考虑高温的间接影响,许多官方的高温死亡记录几乎只考虑中暑这种显然的疾病表现。 一个重要的事实是:大多数与高温有关的死亡并不是由于中暑。高温带来的更大危害是对心脏造成压力,尤其是对患有心血管疾病的人。因为身体的冷却机制在用力过猛时会对心血管造成压力。这就像腿脚有问题的人却还要奔跑赶公交车一样,肯定会出问题。 华盛顿大学全球健康教授克里斯蒂·埃比(Kristie Ebi)以新冠为类比来描述高温无法被完全记录的情况:由于检测手段的有限性,许多与新冠病毒相关的死亡病例只能被归因于高血压或糖尿病等并发症;同理,如果死亡与高温有关,医生需明确记录,然而,许多高温引发的疾病(如心脏病)可能被记录为主要原因,而非高温。 1995年,热浪侵袭美国芝加哥,气温连续多日超过38摄氏度。那个夏天,官方记录中只有465例热相关死亡,但当研究人员将当时的实际死亡人数与历史同期的平均死亡人数相比较时,发现约有700例超额死亡,多出来的部分很多都被归因于呼吸衰竭或心脏骤停。 “我们在计算高温死亡时只会考虑中暑和热相关疾病,这可能忽略了因高温加剧原有健康状况而导致的其他死亡。”克里希娜认为,“核心问题在于死亡登记的完整性(农村地区的登记率可能特别低)和归因指导标准的严格性。”此外,对于许多发展中国家来说,可能根本没有数字化的死亡记录可供查询。 如何提高高温致死数据统计的准确性?在不同情境中,超额死亡率逐渐成为一些研究者的优先选项,它的要点是将特定时期的实际死亡人数与历史同期的预期死亡人数相对比,把高温放进公共卫生系统和社会历史的纵向发展中去把握。 “这能更准确地反映(高温)对死亡的影响。”克里希娜评价道,尽管它也有局限性,“超额死亡人数通常仅在热浪发生几周后才能核实,因为死亡登记与死亡发生的时间通常是错开的,比如在印度是21天。此时,这些数据就无法协助政府提供即时的应对措施,只能帮助我们更好地了解如何为下一次热浪做准备。” 无论如何,对高温死亡的统计不断尝试和优化,意味着将气候变局纳入全球健康语境的努力,不再忽视极端高温对健康的巨大影响。伦敦卫生和热带医学学院的萨里·科瓦茨(Sari Kovats)对此表示:“没有完美和绝对的方法来衡量与高温相关的死亡,其结果取决于所使用的方法以及数据的可用性和质量。” 如何减少高温死亡 父亲过世前,罗潇并不了解父亲在工地上的工作状态,父亲也从来没有同她提过工作的困难或辛苦。在电话中,他往往只简要地讲讲当天做的事,分享些当地的风土人情。罗潇有时会在电话里叮嘱父亲“注意一点喔,天气这么热”或者“去高的地方要小心”,但这些“都只是口头上的”,她对施工环境和设施并不了解。 父亲去世后,她开始经常看新闻,每年夏天都会关注与中暑有关的消息。她逐渐意识到,基本的高温应对和保障措施对普通人而言不可或缺。 “工作时长上得有控制,天气很热的时候真的不建议开工,工地上做事的人大多数年纪偏大了。”罗潇列数着,“工地老板也应该多准备一些解暑的东西,在空旷地带工作的时候,遮阳的场所特别重要。” 2012年,国家卫健委就发布了《防暑降温措施管理办法》,要求用人单位根据气象预报调整作业时间,配备防暑降温饮料和药品,以及发放岗位津贴;劳动者因高温作业引起中暑,经诊断为职业病的,享受工伤保险待遇。 2024年6月16日,北京,持续不断的高温天气,在工地现场发放西瓜、冰棍等等,减少高温对工人健康的影响。 但规则从纸面走入现实的过程仍难免曲折——譬如,囿于用人单位的不配合、未在48小时内死亡、能进行职业性中暑诊断资质的机构数量有限等客观条件,罗潇为父亲的职业病认定奔走了近6年,直到最高检察院介入,事件才最终获得转机。但改进终究在缓慢发生,罗平的不幸悲剧激活了四川首例“职业性中暑(热射病)”认定工伤的法律适用规则。 据《极昼工作室》报道,根据近年公开数据,我国一些地区每年报告的高温中暑病例达几百人,仅有个位数申请职业病诊断。有律师在接受媒体采访时说,只有出现重症,无法工作、需要入院治疗,甚至死亡时,工人才会想到工伤认定。 长期关注高温下户外工作者生存状况的社会学者于坤告诉澎湃新闻,包括外卖骑手、快递员、环卫工人、建筑工人和农民在内的户外工作者的绝大部分一直处在被忽视的状态里。 “虽然我国政府和相关部门一直在努力改善劳动者的劳动条件和健康保障,但在应对夏季极端高温对健康的影响这块其实是不足的。比如说制定了劳动保护法规,那往往是劳动者在健康受到极大损害的情况下才会去起诉所在单位,而且取证过程也很难。”于坤说。 另外,相关部门要求用工单位提供必要的劳动防护用品和健康检查等措施来保障劳动者的健康和权益。但是在实际执行情况中,并不能得到很好的落实。 此外,公众对高温的认知度也不够。“包括我了解的户外工作者本人,也不觉得越来越热的夏季对健康有极大潜在伤害风险。另外在我看来还有一个被忽视的问题是心理问题,极端高温天气下会更容易烦躁、焦虑、紧张和易疲劳,更容易发生健康问题。”于坤说。 要减少高温死亡,不仅要关注劳动者权益保护,基础设施和城市规划、医疗和健康监测等方面同样重要。城市中的绿地和水域,能够有效降低城市热岛效应;高温健康风险的早期预警系统,是高温兵临城下时的“第一道防线”。 中国版《2023柳叶刀人群健康与气候变化倒计时报告》指出,2012-2022这十年间的城市绿地变化在我国总计避免了将近3.8万人的过早死亡,28个省份的气象部门在2022年向卫生部门共享了气候数据,2022年热浪和寒潮预警信号覆盖人数达到3185万。 全球范围内,不少国家也开始整合气象行动与健康预警系统。世界气象组织也在各方面加强制定和部署警报的能力,包括更新关于热健康警告系统的指南、开发极端高温的标准化术语和定义等等。此前就有专家指出应该像给台风命名一样对高温热浪进行命名。 当地时间2024年5月7日,印度金奈医院,护士正在治疗中暑病人。 在应对高温风险的各种努力中,对死亡人数的追踪和统计扮演着基础性的角色,其结果会直接影响人们的共识与行动方针。印度科学与环境中心城市实验室负责人阿维卡尔·索姆万什(Avikal Somvanshi)明确表示:“你需要知道这些数字,这样你才能相应地设计你的基础设施和政策。否则,人们会想,哦,印度是一个有14亿人口的国家,去年只有300人死于中暑。但这不是真的。” 从长远来看,应对高温的行动必然要求综合性的措施。克里希娜认为:“随着我们进入热浪越来越频繁和强烈的时代,建立有效措施来监测与高温相关的疾病和死亡至关重要。这需要启动全系统的响应,而不仅仅是关注卫生部门。” 对于所谓的“全系统的响应”,柳叶刀《全球报告》中说得更加具体,它包括增强全球和地方层面的健康与气候变化研究和知识生成,完善全球、区域和国家层面的监测系统,以及将健康放在全球气候变化行动的核心位置等。 父亲去世6年后,罗潇才拿到人社局的工伤认定书,有了终于结束的感觉。她找了一个地方,小小地哭了一场。而对于更多人来说,这本是可以预防的。“希望更多人重视高温的危害。不要让我父亲的悲剧在更多人身上重演。” (应采访对象要求,罗平和罗潇为化名) 相关内容 地球连续2天创下单日最高气温纪录(图) 顺达财报/业外收益「大补丸」 第2季获利创下历史次高纪录 营收再创纪录,FSD年内中国落地有望,马斯克:纯电车是消费者的最佳选择 中国光伏行业协会:企业待发布的电池效率纪录应进行合理性论证后再公开发布 美国西部经历破纪录高温 种地吧粉丝申请脱粉世界吉尼斯纪录 两年期美债标售获创纪录需求 凸显出市场坚信美联储今年开始降息 对中跨国议会联盟峰会30日台北登场 访团规模创纪录 6月新承做房贷破千亿但月减150亿元 新青安占比写新纪录 巴黎奥运/戴资颖最后一舞 回顾18岁首登圣殿 青涩模样全纪录

Balancing Economic Growth With Environmental Protection: Focus On Sustainable Development And Increasing Green Cover

India wants to progress in an environmentally and ecologically sound manner. We need to address the complexities of the decline in land, water and air quality and focus on sustainable development. For a developed India, attention must be given to various ideas such as promoting clean energy, building resilient infrastructure and communities and ensuring the availability of clean air and water. CUET UG Result 2024 Nepal Plane Crash Union Budget 2 Author: Anurag Mishra Updated: Tue, 23 Jul 2024 08:16 PM (IST) TRENDING NEXT ARTICLE HOROSCOPE TOP DEALS STATES SPECIALSHOMELATEST NEWS INDIAENTERTAINMENTLIFESTYLEVIRALTECHSP HOME WEB STORIES JOIN NOW VIDEOS SHORTS Ask Me This website uses cookie or similar technologies, to enhance your browsing experience and provide personalised recommendations Sunita Narain, Director of the Centre for Science and Environment, says that "As fossil fuels decrease, tax revenue will also decrease. Unless we find new ways to generate revenue from green energy, there will be a loss of USD 1.5 trillion by 2047."

Coal to occupy significant place in India's diversified energy basket: Eco Survey

India will target a diversified set of sources for energy security with a significant place for thermal power, including coal to provide the so-called base load while pursuing low-emission pathways in line with national commitments, according to the 2023-24 Economic Survey Union finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman tabled in Parliament on July 22. The survey said the integration of renewables, alongside exploring nuclear energy and biofuels, presents a path towards achieving these objectives. "This will also include a significant role for thermal power, especially coal-based power plants, in providing base-load to support large-scale deployment of renewables," said the survey, which is an overall review of the economy. The survey underlined that the focus should also be on actively adopting clean coal technologies. It added the initiatives for cleaner coal, such as the Coal Gasification Mission, extraction of Coal Bed Methane gases, exploring Coal to Hydrogen, Carbon Capture and Storage, and Coal beneficiation through washeries, etc, ultra super-critical technologies for coal power plants need to be promoted. "India's successful renewable energy growth story is well established. Solar power installed capacity has increased drastically by over 25 times between 2014 to 2023. There are also major risks with large-scale phasing in of renewables, such as intermittency, grid integration, backup power generation, storage, etc." The survey flagged high import dependency for solar PV panels and said this could be geopolitically tricky for India. "It should not be that India's high dependency on imports mainly for petroleum for its energy needs, shifts to high import dependency for solar PV panels and critical minerals, whose supply chain and geopolitics may be even trickier." It said hence India will target diversified energy sources, including renewables (solar, wind, large and small hydro), green hydrogen, nuclear, and biofuels. The survey added that the country wants balance in climate action, not panic. "Availability, affordability, and accessibility of financial resources will drive the green transition." "I think the issues have been very clearly framed by the finance ministry. It lays out where we go next. It talks about how financing will be key, how critical minerals will become an issue, how planning for the power sector especially intermittency and storage issues will be important," said Sunita Narain, director general, Centre for Science and Environment. India to push for delivery of finance for transition The survey added that India has relied upon its own financial resources so far for adaptation and mitigation, and that it is vital that resources from developed countries flow to the developing countries in line with the objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Paris Agreement. "The negotiations on the New Collective Quantified Goal must lead to outcomes required to meet the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement," it said. The survey said the global narrative on the issue of climate change, "describing it as a climate emergency, shifts focus from the equally, if not more, critical developmental problems and can cause panic." The world needs a more balanced approach to focus on nearer-term policy goals of improving human welfare rather than being excessively preoccupied with one large, longer-term goal of global climate management, it has said. Preliminary estimates of the overall resource requirement, as stated in India's NDC (nationally determined contributions), is $ 2.5 trillion for 2015-2030. The Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) submitted by India in 2022 highlighted that financial resources of the order of tens of trillions of dollars would be required by 2050 for India's transition towards a low-carbon development pathway. India's first Adaptation Communication (AC) submitted to UNFCCC mentioned the cumulative need for expenditure for adaptation to be Rs.56.68 trillion by 2030. HT reported that the primary agenda of the annual UN climate meeting to be held in Baku, Azerbaijan, would be to negotiate a new goal for climate finance, which currently has a floor of a minimum of $100 billion every year after 2025. According to the High-Level Expert Group on Climate Finance, at least $2.4 trillion is needed annually to invest in renewable energy, adaptation, and other climate-related issues in developing countries, excluding China.

Budget 2024: EV players await clarity on FAME, EMPS

The FAME scheme allocation for FY25 was unchanged at Rs 2,700 crore (the same as the Interim budget announcement) versus Rs 4,800 crore in FY24, while the Electric Mobility Promotion Scheme-2024 (EMPS) for the period April-July 24, with an allocation of Rs 500 crore, as announced in March 2024 will continue as it is. There is no change in the PLI scheme for Auto and Auto components for FY25 at Rs 3,500 crore, which is the same as the Interim budget announcement. The PLI scheme for Advanced chemistry cell (battery storage) for FY25, remains unchanged at Rs 250 crore, also remains the same as the Interim budget announcement. However, EV players remain hopeful of a stronger FAME III to boost EV adoption in the country. “Extending subsidies with a strategic approach will be crucial for sustained EV growth, and we are hopeful for some incentives measures to boost charging infrastructure and battery swapping. A future-proof FAME III can truly empower young EV startups like ours to bridge the gap and make electric mobility a reality for every Indian household,” Tushaar Bajaj, Co-Founder and Director, Virtus Motors said. He adds that the Indian EV landscape is set for an exciting transformation, and the forthcoming FAME III policy holds immense potential in boosting electric mobility adoption. The Minister of Heavy Industries had noted that FAME III was being finalised and that it would not be in the Budget. The Budget announced that the customs duty on critical minerals (such as lithium, copper, cobalt and rare earth elements duty), graphite and platinum/palladium has been cut to zero. This is a marginal positive for both automobile OEMs, according to Nuvama. “Reduction in customs duty for critical minerals will reduce lithium cell manufacturing costs in the future, (as and when production starts in India),” Nuvama said. Neuron Energy’s CEO and Co-founder Pratik Kamdar said that the decision to exempt custom duties on critical minerals like lithium and cobalt will help the EV industry. “This pivotal move will substantially lower the production costs of battery cells, directly translating into more affordable electric vehicles (EVs) for consumers. By reducing manufacturing expenses, the overall cost of EV batteries will decrease, making electric vehicles a more economically viable option,” he said. This initiative, he adds, not only supports the growth of the EV industry but also reinforces India's commitment to sustainable mobility solutions. “We anticipate that these measures will stimulate greater adoption of EVs, driving positive change towards a cleaner and greener transportation ecosystem,” he adds. "This is a very positive move. It will support the EV cell manufacturing effort in the country with a reduction in input cost. This will have a positive impact on the bill of materials that will cascade down to the price of the EV battery, which contributes 40-50% to the cost of the electric vehicle," said Moushumi Mohanty, Head of Electric Mobility Programme at the Centre for Science and Environment. According to Siddarth Bhamre, Head of Research, Asit C Mehta Investment Intermediates, the budget’s indirect focus on the rural economy, employment and MSMEs will benefit the auto sector.

A paradoxical turn to right

Why are Europe’s young voters moving towards right-wing parties? I ask this because it is the young who are angry about inaction on climate change, and yet they are voting for parties that are most in denial of this action. Why this paradox? What does it mean for our increasingly warm and at-risk Planet? In the June 2024 European Parliament elections, voters under 30 years gave their support to what are termed far-right parties, like the Alternative Fur Deutschland (AfD) in Germany, National Rally in France, Vox in Spain, the Brothers of Italy, Enough in Portugal, Vlaams Belang in Belgium, Finns Party in Finland and others. In many instances, it was a swing from the green vote in the 2019 elections to the far-right vote in 2024. Does this mean that there is less appetite for climate action among the European youth? Or does it mean that other concerns like unemployment and migration are taking precedence? Or, is it because the youth in Europe believe that far-right parties will still stay the course on climate action? The fact is, Europe is equally impacted by extreme weather events. And its action is not on track to reduce emissions and limit the global temperature rise to the guardrail of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. So, the youth, who will inherit this increasingly warmer and catastrophic world are bound to be concerned—in fact, anguished and worried about their future. Climate change is no longer the exclusive domain of the green and left parties. But when you consider far-right parties’ positions on climate change, there is a clear shift in emphasis if not a downright denial. This suggests that there will be greater resistance against measures that are inconvenient and drastic—the kind that are necessary to bend the curve of Planet-destroying emissions. The Dutch Party for Freedom in its manifesto says it should be the people’s choice to eat meat, take a plane or drive a petrol or diesel car—not of the officials in Brussels (where the EU headquarters is located). It goes on to say that people are suffering because of high energy prices, suggesting a rollback on fossil fuel taxes. Other far-right parties have been vocal against the transition from combustion engines or the shift to renewable energy sources, even arguing that this is “unaffordable madness”. Then, there is the movement of European farmers against the use of pesticides or reduction in livestock or the emotive issue of meat consumption that is bringing these parties together. Already, the ambitious Green Deal has been weakened; policies that drive national industrial interests—not climate action—are gaining traction. So, the question is if the young voters will support tough actions on climate change or opt for the so-called win-win solutions—actions that do not impinge on the cost of living or price of fuel or take away choices on their preferred mode of travel. Sadly, hesitant answers are not going to work, given the sheer urgency of the climate crisis and the fact that rich countries, including Europe, have not reduced emissions at the needed scale and pace. What, then, does this mean for our warming world; for Europe’s leadership on climate action? There is another paradox in today’s Europe, one that is resonating across the old industrial world. It is argued that the young are worried about the prospect of immigrants taking over local jobs and culture. They are shifting to the right because these parties say they will stop immigrants from crossing over; they are openly racist in some cases; and they want to maintain the “white” cultural and religious identity of their countries. But the fact is, Europe cannot do without the immigrants that service its economy. It needs the labour that comes from the “other” world to harvest its crops, run its trains and factories, and clean its cities. The “World Migration Report 2024” finds that in 2020, some 87 million international migrants lived in Europe, an increase of 16 per cent over 2015. It says the many wars in our world are adding to this flight of human beings—by the end of 2022, the largest number of migrants into Europe were from war-torn Syria and Ukraine. Then there are the illegal migrants, whose numbers are difficult to estimate but have become evocative symbols of the hordes arriving to displace original inhabitants. The same report points out that slow-onset events because of climate change cause displacement, which is a greater contributor to the reasons people migrate. In other words, if Europe weakens its resolve to take climate action, it will increase the impoverishment of people already crippled by extreme events and losing ability to cope. Remember, this is not a conundrum faced only by Europe. In Donald Trump’s world—there is a prospect that he could win US’ November elections—climate action and immigration are favourite hate-targets. Our world is in trouble, in more than one way. (Writer is Director General of CSE and editor of Down To Earth, an environmentalist who pushes for changes in policies, practices and mindsets; https://www.downtoearth.org.in/)

Sizing up EU’s carbon tax on Indian imports

CHENNAI : The European Union disturbed the global level playing field last year by adopting a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), under which carbon-intensive goods such as iron, steel, cement, fertilisers and aluminum that are imported from various countries, including India, will be subject to an additional tax. The policy has since sparked a lot of debate and criticism. The EU, however, says it is designed to ensure a domestic level playing field for local and global manufacturers. But critics see it as a protectionist measure designed to weaken the competitiveness of exports from developing countries. India, for whom the European Union is a key trading partner, has also raised its voice against the policy. Now, a study has found that the proposed mechanism would impose an average tax burden of 25% over and above the value of CBAM-covered goods exported to the EU from India. As per the study by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), titled The Global South’s Response to a Changing Trade Regime in the Era of Climate Change, the losses accrued to India’s exporters would amount to 0.05% of the country’s GDP. Pause Unmute Remaining Time -9:34 Close Player EU calls it a ‘fair price’ The European Union calls CBAM a tool to put a fair price on the carbon emitted during the production of goods entering the bloc. Producers within the European Union are subject to the bloc’s strict environmental standards that are designed to meet its climate objectives. This, however, adds to the cost of production. Therefore, the EU argues, when goods made in countries with less stringent standards enter the bloc, they would put domestic producers at a disadvantage. “By confirming that a price has been paid for the embedded carbon emissions generated in the production of certain goods imported into the EU, the CBAM will ensure the carbon price of imports is equivalent to the carbon price of domestic production,” the European Commission said. Another stated aim is to protect the effectiveness of the bloc’s ambitious carbon reduction targets. With the EU imposing strict environment standards, there is always a risk that companies operating in the bloc may shift their production outside, to countries that have more relaxed norms. The EU says this will undermine its climate efforts. The CBAM is designed to make it less appealing for companies whose products are sold in the EU to shift their production out of the bloc’s jurisdiction. Violates trade laws Critics say the CBAM violates the Paris Agreement’s principle of “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities”.

Karnataka not using funds to rein in air pollution

Assessment by NGO shows state has used just 31% of National Clean Air Programme funds Karnataka is one of the worst-performing states in utilising funds under various programmes to bring down air pollution in its major cities An assessment done by the Center for Science and Environment (CSE), a Delhi-based NGO, shows that while the state has utilised only 31% of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) funds, it has used a little over 12% of the funding provided under the 15th Finance Commission. Karnataka had received Rs 62.42 crore under NCAP between 2019 and 2024. Out of this, the state has utilized Rs 19.59 crore, the third lowest after Delhi and Punjab. Similarly, while Rs 535.1 crore has been released by the center to the state under the 15th Finance Commission, only Rs 68.37 crore has been utilized so far. This has put Karnataka in the last spot on the list of states that received NCAP funds to reduce air pollution. NCAP was launched by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in January 2019 to set clean air targets for 131 cities designated as nonattainment cities due to consistently high particulate levels exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). While the state pollution control boards disburse the NCAP funds to the department concerned after receiving it from the Centre, the funding under the 15th Finance Commission is brought in through state finance ministries and subsequently to urban local bodies (ULBs). The funding is performance-linked and requires cities to demonstrate improvement in levels of particulate matter in the atmosphere. Moreover, cities receiving the funds are also obligated to show an increase in the number of good air quality days to receive the funds in the subsequent year. City-based air quality experts and researchers have expressed disappointment about the underutilisation of funds by Karnataka. “The number of private vehicles on Bengaluru roads is increasing continuously. We are also witnessing a spurt in infrastructure development activities leading to a surge in levels of suspended dust particles in the atmosphere. Karnataka and Bengaluru must start utilising these funds and come up with an action plan for the city sooner rather than later,” said an air quality expert.

Bengaluru Suffocates as clean air funds lie under-utilised

Despite demands and suggestions from stakeholders to improve the air quality in the state, a recently released report shows that Karnataka is one of the worst-performing states in the country when it comes to utilising funds for cleaner air. Under the National Clean Air Program (NCAP) and 15th Finance Commission funding during 2019-24, of the 23 states, Karnataka, Punjab, and New Delhi as well as a few others have used less than 40% of the funds. This was also the case for the city of Bengaluru that was named the worst city for under-utilising the funds (NCAP) and the third worst under the Finance Commission grants, out of 25 cities in the country. Under the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), NCAP -- formed in 2019 -- is the first time-bound, target-oriented clean air program with a performance-linked funding strategy for cities. “The centre has carried out this rapid review to understand the gaps and further needs for a more robust and expanded program. This assessment finds that in the next phase, it is necessary to shift the focus towards the implementation of priority action in key sectors of pollution at a scale, and link the performance-linked funding with targeted milestones. The metrics of performance assessment should change accordingly. Only this can make a difference to air quality,” stated the report released this week. According to the study, Rs 62.42 crore was released for Karnataka out of which only Rs 19.59 crore (31.38%) was utilised between 2019-2024. Under the Finance Commission, Rs 535.1 crore was released, and only Rs 68.37 crore was used to support the clean air program, a mere 12.78% between the years 2020 and 2024. Bengaluru has the highest amount of emission from transport exhaust at 64% followed by diesel generator (DG) sets at 11%, open source and municipal solid waste (MSW) burning 10% and road dust 7%. The 128-page report stated that during winters, the city has the highest emissions of 37% from transportation and DG and 24% from dust (road, soil, construction). The report highlighted that cities have spent very little funds on controlling combustion sources which leads to more pollution. “Even though the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) indicators for transport encompass on-road emissions management, phasing out of old vehicles, electrification, public transport improvement, non-motorised transport and parking policy, these indicators are not well defined for implementation at the state level,” noted the report and recommended immediate action at the state level.

भारत में वायु प्रदूषण का संकट नीतिगत विफलता का नतीजा : कांग्रेस

नई दिल्ली: केंद्र सरकार पर वायु प्रदूषण (Air Pollution) से निपटने में ‘खराब नीति-निर्माण' का आरोप लगाते हुए कांग्रेस (Congress) ने रविवार को मांग की कि आगामी केंद्रीय बजट में इस ‘गंभीर सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य संकट' से निपटने के लिए देश के स्थानीय निकायों, राज्य सरकारों और केंद्र को संसाधन संपन्न बनाने का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया जाना चाहिए. कांग्रेस महासचिव जयराम रमेश (Jairam Ramesh) ने एक्स पर पोस्ट किए गए एक बयान में कहा है कि, "इस महीने की शुरुआत में एक अध्ययन से पता चला कि भारत में होने वाली सभी मौतों में से 7.2% वायु प्रदूषण से जुड़ी हैं. हर साल सिर्फ 10 शहरों में लगभग 34,000 मौतें होती हैं. दिल्ली में सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायरनमेंट की ओर से किए गए एक नए अध्ययन में राष्ट्रीय स्वच्छ वायु कार्यक्रम (NCAP) का मूल्यांकन किया गया है. इसमें नीतिगत अव्यवस्था को उजागर किया गया है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप यह सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य संकट पैदा हुआ है."

India’s air pollution crisis result of policy failure: Cong slams Govt

New Delhi: Accusing the Modi government of “poor policy-making” in dealing with air pollution, the Congress on Sunday demanded that the forthcoming Union Budget must provide a path forward to resourcing and equipping India’s local bodies, state governments, and the Centre in tackling this “grave public health crisis”. Congress general secretary in-charge communications Jairam Ramesh said earlier this month, a study revealed that 7.2 per cent of all deaths in India are associated with air pollution -- about 34,000 deaths each year in just 10 cities. A new study by the Centre for Science and Environment in Delhi has evaluated the National Clean Air Program (NCAP) and brought to light the policy chaos that has resulted in this public health crisis, he said in a statement. “The current Budget of the National Clean Air Program , including the 15th Finance Commission’s grants, is about Rs 10,500 crore -- spread across 131 cities! The programme is therefore desperately underfunded -- and yet, and of this meagre amount, only 64 per cent of the funds were used,” Ramesh said. Congress general secretary alleged that “poor policy-making” has misdirected the available resources.

‘Noida spent only 6% of NCAP funds for air pollution control’

New Delhi: Noida, one of India’s most polluted cities, has used only around 6 per cent of the Rs 21.95 crore it received under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) since 2019, according to government data. Data released by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) showed that 19 out of the 131 cities covered under the NCAP have utilised less than 50 per cent of the funds allocated, and four have used below 25 per cent of the funds received as of May 3. Launched in 2019, the NCAP is India’s first national effort to set clean air targets, aiming for a 20-30 per cent reduction in PM10 pollution by 2024, with 2017 as the base year. The revised target aims for a 40 per cent reduction by 2026, using 2019-20 as the base year. A total of 46 cities and urban agglomerations spent less than 75 per cent of the money received under the programme, either directly from the environment ministry or through the 15th Finance Commission. Noida in Uttar Pradesh has utilised only Rs 1.43 crore of the Rs 21.95 crore allocated to it for to combatting air pollution. Bengaluru spent only Rs 68.37 crore of the Rs 535.1 crore received, Nagpur used Rs 17.71 crore of Rs 132.6 crore, and Visakhapatnam spent Rs 26.17 crore of the Rs 129.25 crore it got. Other cities with low fund utilisation include Pune (26.44 per cent), Gulbarga (27.2 per cent), Vasai-Virar (28.01 per cent), Nashik (28.21 per cent), Kolhapur (28.37 per cent), Vijayawada (29.16 per cent), Angul (29.95 per cent), Jamshedpur (35.78 per cent), Delhi (37.33 per cent), Anantapur (38.39 per cent), Faridabad (38.89 per cent), Durg Bhilainagar (42.31 per cent), Varanasi (46.25 per cent), Ranchi (48.73 per cent), and Jalandhar (48.81 per cent). A report released by the independent think tank Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) on Friday said only Rs 6,806 crore (64 per cent) of the total Rs 10,566 crore allocated to the 131 cities since the programme’s inception has been utilised as of May 3. Nearly two-thirds of the funds allocated to 131 cities under the NCAP have been used for dust management, while only 0.61 per cent of the total funds have been used to tackle industrial pollution, 12.63 per cent for vehicular pollution, and 14.51 per cent for biomass burning.

Rich nations' planned carbon taxes on imports against spirit of Paris Agreement India

The European Union's planned carbon tax on energy-intensive goods imported from developing countries is in contravention of the spirit of the Paris Agreement, India said on Monday. The government's 'Economic Survey 2023-24' highlighted that even as developed countries prepare to impose a carbon tax on imports, they are ramping up energy demand like never before due to their obsession with artificial intelligence (AI). "Developing nations are also being threatened with a carbon tax at the border, in full negation of the spirit of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective national capabilities that was supposed to have undergirded the Paris Agreement," the report on the state of the economy in the previous year said. This means that India not only has to deal with climate change and undertake energy transition but also confront the protectionism of developed countries, it said. The European Union is on course to implement its Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and both the United Kingdom and the United States are in different stages of imposing their versions of it in due course. The EU argues that this mechanism creates a level playing field for domestically manufactured goods, which must adhere to stricter environmental standards, and help reduce emissions from imports. However, other nations, particularly developing countries, worry that this would harm their economies and make it too expensive to trade with the bloc. The move has also sparked debate at multilateral forums, including UN climate conferences, with developing countries arguing that, under UN climate change rules, countries cannot dictate how others should reduce emissions. According to a report by the independent think tank Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), CBAM will impose an additional 25 per cent tax on carbon-intensive goods, such as iron, steel, cement, fertilisers, and aluminium, exported from India to the EU. Based on data from the past three years, this tax burden would represent 0.05 per cent of India's GDP. "It would be a comedy if it were not real and tragic. Even as developed nations prepare to impose a carbon tax at the border on imports coming into their countries laden with carbon, they are ramping up energy demand like never before, thanks to their obsession with letting Artificial Intelligence (AI) guide, take over and dominate natural intelligence," the Economic Survey read. "One of the leading global technology companies promised to achieve Net Zero by 2030 at the turn of the decade. But the race to dominate the emerging technology of Artificial Intelligence has caused its emissions to be higher by 30 per cent by 2023," it said. In a research report published in April, analysts at Goldman Sachs wrote that the demand for power in the United States would experience growth not seen in a generation, thanks to AI, and that "transmission, one of the major bottlenecks for clean energy transition, and the addition of data centres and AI could exacerbate this".

Miles To Go Before Achieving Efficient Spending in Battling Pollution: CSE Report

According to a report called 'National Clean Air Programme: An Agenda for Reform' by the think tank Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) reported that only 64 per cent of the total funds to tackle industrial pollution and dust pollution, allotted to 131 cities had been spent so far. According to a report called 'National Clean Air Programme: An Agenda for Reform' by the think tank Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) reported that only 64 per cent of the total funds to tackle industrial pollution and dust pollution, allotted to 131 cities had been spent so far. This amounts to two-thirds of the entire funding keeping in mind NCAP's initial aim was a 20-30 per cent reduction in PM pollution by this year with a revised target set to a reduction of 40 per cent by 2026. "While NCAP's objectives and aims have always been commendable, we are finding that attention and investments under it are largely focused on dust control, and not on emission-spewing combustion sources such as industries or vehicles. As much as 64 per cent of the funds utilized under NCAP and the 15th Finance Commission have been spent on road dust mitigation," said CSE Director General Sunita Narain told PTI. According to the report, among the cities covered under NCAP, 82 of them receive direct funding from the Union Environment Ministry, while as many as 42 cities and seven urban areas with populations over a million get funding from the 15th Finance Commission. The report goes into detail about the funds utilized, which is reported to be INR 6806 Crore out of the INR 10,566 Crore allocated as of May 3 this year.

फतेहपुर: इथोपिया टीम ने ली अमृत योजना के तहत बनी एफएसटीपी की जानकारी

दक्षि ण अफ्री की देश इथो पि या का 12 सदस्यी य प्रति नि धि मंडल आज रा यबरेली पहुँचा । नगर वि का स मंत्रा लय के सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एंएनवायरनमेंट की टीम इथोपिया की टीम को रायबरेली नगर पालि का में बने नवनि र्मि त एफएसटी पी केंद्र लेकर पहुँची ।

सौर ऊर्जा से एसटीपी चला रहीं महिलाएं, इथोपिया के दल ने देखा

शहर मेंबनेसीवर ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट के साथ एफटीपी का निरीक्षण करनेके लिए इथोपिया से 12 सदस्यों का दल आया है। विदेश से आए हुए दल के सदस्यों नेनगर पालिका के अधिशासी अधिकारी स्वर्णसिंह के साथ शहर के अहमदपुर नजूल मेंजाकर सीवर ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट की कार्यप्रणाली को देखा और समझा। एसटीपी को लगातार संचालित करनेके लिए सोलर ऊर्जाका इस्तेमाल किया जा रहा है। शहर मेंजल निगम द्वारा पीएसी के सामनेएक एसटीपी के साथ मेंएफटीपी का निर्माण किया गया है। इस एसटीपी के माध्यम सेप्रतिदिन 4 लाख लीटर सीवर के पानी को साफ करके सई नदी मेंछोडा़ जाता है। सीवर ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट से पानी को कैसेसाफ किया जाता हैसाथ ही पानी मेंजमा कचरेऔर अशुद्धियों को किस प्रकार सेदूर किया जा रहा है, इसको देखनेऔर समझनेके लिए इथोपिया सेलोग आए हुए हैं।