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DOLA BILIONI MBILI KUTUMIKA KUBORESHA MIRADI YA USAFI WA MAZINGIRA ZIWA VICTORIA

KAMISHENI ya Bonde la Ziwa Victoria, inatarajia kutumia Dola za Marekani bilioni mbili kwaajili ya miradi mbalimbali ya kuweka mazingira safi ya ziwa hilo ambao utawezesha vijana wengi kupata ajira kutokana na shughuli mbalimba ambazo zitakuwa zikiendelea kufanyika. Akizungumza na waandishi wa habari leo Januari 23,2024 Jijini Dar es Salaam, Ofisa Miradi wa Kamisheni ya Bonde la Ziwa Victoria, Bi.Hilda Luoga amesema wanaangalia maendeleo endelevu ya Ziwa Victoria kwa kuandaa mikakati ya mradi kwa kutatua changamoto na kukabili uchafuzi wa mazingira ya ziwa hilo kwa majitaka yanayotoka kwenye makazi ya watu na kwenye viwanda na matumizi mabaya ya ardhi. Aidha amesema kuwa Benki kuu ya Dunia (WB) imekuwa ikifadhili Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda na Burundi katika miradi ya kukabiliana na uchafuzi wa ziwa na mwaka 2020 ilifanya utafiti wakakuta kuna vyanzo vikuu vitatu kwenye ziwa hilo. "WB ilibaini kuwa uchafuzi huo unatokana na vyanzo vikuu vitatu ambavyo ni majitaka kwenye makazi, kutoka kwenye viwanda na matumizi mabaya ya ardhi". Amesema Kwa Upande wake Meneja wa Tafiti za mazingira akimwakilisha Mkurugenzi wa NEMC Bi.Rose Salema Mtui amesema Baraza la Taifa la Hifadhi na Usimamizi wa Mazingira (NEMC), kwa kushirikiana na Taasisi ya Sayansi na Mazingira (CSE) ya India, wameendelea na mkutano wa wadau wa Mazingira wa ziwa Victoria kutoka Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Mashirika ya kikanda, Wizara, Mikoa na Halmasahauri kwa lengo la kujadili utekelezaji wa mkakati wa usimamizi wa mazingira wa Ziwa hilo. Programu hiyo ya Pamoja ya Usimamizi wa Rasilimali za Maji ya Ziwa Victoria katika mradi huo unatarajiwa kugusa maeneo muhimu yanayochochea uchaguzi wa maji ambayo ni Homabay-Kenya, Entebbe-Uganda na Mwanza-Tanzania.

KAMISHENI YA BONDE LA ZIWA VICTORIA YAJA NA SULUHISHO KUKOMESHA UCHAFUZI ZIWA VICTORIA

KAMISHENI ya Bonde la Ziwa Victoria, inatarajia kutumia Dola za Marekani bilioni mbili kwaajili ya miradi mbalimbali ya kuweka mazingira safi ya ziwa hilo ambao utawezesha vijana wengi kupata ajira kutokana na shughuli mbalimba ambazo zitakuwa zikiendelea kufanyika. Akizungumza na waandishi wa habari leo Januari 23,2024 Jijini Dar es Salaam, Ofisa Miradi wa Kamisheni ya Bonde la Ziwa Victoria, Bi.Hilda Luoga amesema wanaangalia maendeleo endelevu ya Ziwa Victoria kwa kuandaa mikakati ya mradi kwa kutatua changamoto na kukabili uchafuzi wa mazingira ya ziwa hilo kwa majitaka yanayotoka kwenye makazi ya watu na kwenye viwanda na matumizi mabaya ya ardhi. Aidha amesema kuwa Benki kuu ya Dunia (WB) imekuwa ikifadhili Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda na Burundi katika miradi ya kukabiliana na uchafuzi wa ziwa na mwaka 2020 ilifanya utafiti wakakuta kuna vyanzo vikuu vitatu kwenye ziwa hilo. "WB ilibaini kuwa uchafuzi huo unatokana na vyanzo vikuu vitatu ambavyo ni majitaka kwenye makazi, kutoka kwenye viwanda na matumizi mabaya ya ardhi". Amesema Kwa Upande wake Meneja wa Tafiti za mazingira akimwakilisha Mkurugenzi wa NEMC Bi.Rose Salema Mtui amesema Baraza la Taifa la Hifadhi na Usimamizi wa Mazingira (NEMC), kwa kushirikiana na Taasisi ya Sayansi na Mazingira (CSE) ya India, wameendelea na mkutano wa wadau wa Mazingira wa ziwa Victoria kutoka Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Mashirika ya kikanda, Wizara, Mikoa na Halmasahauri kwa lengo la kujadili utekelezaji wa mkakati wa usimamizi wa mazingira wa Ziwa hilo. Programu hiyo ya Pamoja ya Usimamizi wa Rasilimali za Maji ya Ziwa Victoria katika mradi huo unatarajiwa kugusa maeneo muhimu yanayochochea uchaguzi wa maji ambayo ni Homabay-Kenya, Entebbe-Uganda na Mwanza-Tanzania.

KAMISHENI YA BONDE ZIWA VICTORIA KUTUMIA BILIONI MBILI KUWEKA MAZINGIRA SAFI KWENYE ZIWA HILO

KAMISHENI ya Bonde la Ziwa Victoria, inatarajia kutumia Dola za Marekani bilioni mbili kwaajili ya miradi mbalimbali ya kuweka mazingira safi ya ziwa hilo ambao utawezesha vijana wengi kupata ajira kutokana na shughuli mbalimba ambazo zitakuwa zikiendelea kufanyika. Akizungumza na waandishi wa habari leo Januari 23,2024 Jijini Dar es Salaam, Ofisa Miradi wa Kamisheni ya Bonde la Ziwa Victoria, Bi.Hilda Luoga amesema wanaangalia maendeleo endelevu ya Ziwa Victoria kwa kuandaa mikakati ya mradi kwa kutatua changamoto na kukabili uchafuzi wa mazingira ya ziwa hilo kwa majitaka yanayotoka kwenye makazi ya watu na kwenye viwanda na matumizi mabaya ya ardhi. Aidha amesema kuwa Benki kuu ya Dunia (WB) imekuwa ikifadhili Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda na Burundi katika miradi ya kukabiliana na uchafuzi wa ziwa na mwaka 2020 ilifanya utafiti wakakuta kuna vyanzo vikuu vitatu kwenye ziwa hilo. "WB ilibaini kuwa uchafuzi huo unatokana na vyanzo vikuu vitatu ambavyo ni majitaka kwenye makazi, kutoka kwenye viwanda na matumizi mabaya ya ardhi". Amesema Kwa Upande wake Meneja wa Tafiti za mazingira akimwakilisha Mkurugenzi wa NEMC Bi.Rose Salema Mtui amesema Baraza la Taifa la Hifadhi na Usimamizi wa Mazingira (NEMC), kwa kushirikiana na Taasisi ya Sayansi na Mazingira (CSE) ya India, wameendelea na mkutano wa wadau wa Mazingira wa ziwa Victoria kutoka Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Mashirika ya kikanda, Wizara, Mikoa na Halmasahauri kwa lengo la kujadili utekelezaji wa mkakati wa usimamizi wa mazingira wa Ziwa hilo. Programu hiyo ya Pamoja ya Usimamizi wa Rasilimali za Maji ya Ziwa Victoria katika mradi huo unatarajiwa kugusa maeneo muhimu yanayochochea uchaguzi wa maji ambayo ni Homabay-Kenya, Entebbe-Uganda na Mwanza-Tanzania.

DOLA BILIONI MBILI KUTUMIKA KUBORESHA USAFI WA MAZINGIRA ZIWA VICTORIA

KAMISHENI ya Bonde la Ziwa Victoria, inatarajia kutumia Dola za Marekani bilioni mbili kwaajili ya miradi mbalimbali ya kuweka mazingira safi ya ziwa hilo ambao utawezesha vijana wengi kupata ajira kutokana na shughuli mbalimba ambazo zitakuwa zikiendelea kufanyika. Akizungumza na waandishi wa habari leo Januari 23,2024 Jijini Dar es Salaam, Ofisa Miradi wa Kamisheni ya Bonde la Ziwa Victoria, Bi.Hilda Luoga amesema wanaangalia maendeleo endelevu ya Ziwa Victoria kwa kuandaa mikakati ya mradi kwa kutatua changamoto na kukabili uchafuzi wa mazingira ya ziwa hilo kwa majitaka yanayotoka kwenye makazi ya watu na kwenye viwanda na matumizi mabaya ya ardhi. Aidha amesema kuwa Benki kuu ya Dunia (WB) imekuwa ikifadhili Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda na Burundi katika miradi ya kukabiliana na uchafuzi wa ziwa na mwaka 2020 ilifanya utafiti wakakuta kuna vyanzo vikuu vitatu kwenye ziwa hilo. "WB ilibaini kuwa uchafuzi huo unatokana na vyanzo vikuu vitatu ambavyo ni majitaka kwenye makazi, kutoka kwenye viwanda na matumizi mabaya ya ardhi". Amesema Kwa Upande wake Meneja wa Tafiti za mazingira akimwakilisha Mkurugenzi wa NEMC Bi.Rose Salema Mtui amesema Baraza la Taifa la Hifadhi na Usimamizi wa Mazingira (NEMC), kwa kushirikiana na Taasisi ya Sayansi na Mazingira (CSE) ya India, wameendelea na mkutano wa wadau wa Mazingira wa ziwa Victoria kutoka Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Mashirika ya kikanda, Wizara, Mikoa na Halmasahauri kwa lengo la kujadili utekelezaji wa mkakati wa usimamizi wa mazingira wa Ziwa hilo. Programu hiyo ya Pamoja ya Usimamizi wa Rasilimali za Maji ya Ziwa Victoria katika mradi huo unatarajiwa kugusa maeneo muhimu yanayochochea uchaguzi wa maji ambayo ni Homabay-Kenya, Entebbe-Uganda na Mwanza-Tanzania.

KAMISHENI YA BONDE LA ZIWA VICTORIA YAJA NA SULUHISHO KUKOMESHA UCHAFUZI ZIWA VICTORIA

KAMISHENI YA BONDE LA ZIWA VICTORIA YAJA NA SULUHISHO KUKOMESHA UCHAFUZI ZIWA VICTORIA KAMISHENI ya Bonde la Ziwa Victoria, inatarajia kutumia Dola za Marekani bilioni mbili kwaajili ya miradi mbalimbali ya kuweka mazingira safi ya ziwa hilo ambao utawezesha vijana wengi kupata ajira kutokana na shughuli mbalimba ambazo zitakuwa zikiendelea kufanyika. Akizungumza na waandishi wa habari leo Januari 23,2024 Jijini Dar es Salaam, Ofisa Miradi wa Kamisheni ya Bonde la Ziwa Victoria, Bi.Hilda Luoga amesema wanaangalia maendeleo endelevu ya Ziwa Victoria kwa kuandaa mikakati ya mradi kwa kutatua changamoto na kukabili uchafuzi wa mazingira ya ziwa hilo kwa majitaka yanayotoka kwenye makazi ya watu na kwenye viwanda na matumizi mabaya ya ardhi. Aidha amesema kuwa Benki kuu ya Dunia (WB) imekuwa ikifadhili Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda na Burundi katika miradi ya kukabiliana na uchafuzi wa ziwa na mwaka 2020 ilifanya utafiti wakakuta kuna vyanzo vikuu vitatu kwenye ziwa hilo. "WB ilibaini kuwa uchafuzi huo unatokana na vyanzo vikuu vitatu ambavyo ni majitaka kwenye makazi, kutoka kwenye viwanda na matumizi mabaya ya ardhi". Amesema Kwa Upande wake Meneja wa Tafiti za mazingira akimwakilisha Mkurugenzi wa NEMC Bi.Rose Salema Mtui amesema Baraza la Taifa la Hifadhi na Usimamizi wa Mazingira (NEMC), kwa kushirikiana na Taasisi ya Sayansi na Mazingira (CSE) ya India, wameendelea na mkutano wa wadau wa Mazingira wa ziwa Victoria kutoka Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Mashirika ya kikanda, Wizara, Mikoa na Halmasahauri kwa lengo la kujadili utekelezaji wa mkakati wa usimamizi wa mazingira wa Ziwa hilo. Programu hiyo ya Pamoja ya Usimamizi wa Rasilimali za Maji ya Ziwa Victoria katika mradi huo unatarajiwa kugusa maeneo muhimu yanayochochea uchaguzi wa maji ambayo ni Homabay-Kenya, Entebbe-Uganda na Mwanza-Tanzania.

Baraza la Taifa la Hifadhi na Usimamizi wa Mazingira (NEMC), kwa kushirikiana na Taasisi ya Sayansi na Mazingira (CSE)

Baraza la Taifa la Hifadhi na Usimamizi wa Mazingira (NEMC), kwa kushirikiana na Taasisi ya Sayansi na Mazingira (CSE) ya India, likiendelea na mkutano wa wadau wa Mazingira wa ziwa Victoria kutoka Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Mashirika ya kikanda, Wizara, Mikoa na Halmasahauri kwa lengo la kujadili utekelezaji wa mkakati wa usimamizi wa mazingira wa Ziwa hilo.

Summer cleaner, winter is worse

New Delhi: New Delhi has again come on top of the real-time list of the world’s most polluted cities compiled by Swiss group IQAir, which put the Indian capital’s air quality index, or AQI, at 640, which is in the “hazardous” category, followed by 335 in the Pakistani city of Lahore. The year 2023’s winter months were a period when the region of Delhi-NCR slipped back into the abyss of high pollution levels – despite having seen a gradual long-term improvement in annual PM2.5 concentrations since 2015-17. The forward march towards cleaner air and clearer skies came to a grinding halt in 2023, says a new analysis by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), partly due to meteorological factors.

Founders Day celebrations held

GRG Trust celebrated its Founders Day and birth centenary of institution builder G. Chandrakanthi recently by launching three projects: Chandrakanthi Centre for Women Leadership, Centre for Advanced Materials and Sustainable Technology, and GRG Incubator. It also conferred Chandrakanthi Memorial Lifetime Achievement Award for Women on Sunita Narain, director general of Centre for Science and Environment and GRG Memorial Lifetime Achievement Award on Randhir Sahgal, founder secretary of Nature Foundation. The chief guest was Rajendra Singh, founder of Tarun Bharat Sangh, Rajasthan.

Why New Delhi residents are finding it hard to switch to electric vehicles for personal use

India’s capital New Delhi is leading the way with the adoption of electric mobility in the country. The local government has made major strides in transitioning public and commercial vehicles to zero emission modes of transportation. ENCOURAGING ADOPTION OF EVs Last year, personal electric car sales in New Delhi jumped by 46 per cent from 2022. The city's government said its new electric mobility policy, which allows EV users to benefit from subsidies and reduced road taxes, has enabled this surge. New Delhi has more than 4,000 public and semi-public charging stations, and is on track to set up 18,000 EV points by 2025. Two years ago, resident Shouryendu Ray bought an electric car, in addition to his fuel car. The mileage he gets out of it is about 200km on a single charge. It costs him less than US$6 to fully charge his electric car at home, around a tenth of the cost to fill up his petrol car to a full tank, which can last him about two weeks. “Our electricity bill has increased but only marginally. It is not a huge increase,” he said. “It is like perhaps adding a couple more air conditioners in the house.” Ms Moushumi Mohanty, head of electric mobility at New Delhi-based research and advocacy organisation Centre for Science and Environment, said the government should be looking “not only at capacity building, but also at capability building, where research goes into developing technologies that work for India.”

Experts, activists demand immediate Decarbonisation of energy sector

“The issue of energy and climate havoc are very complex and have been approached in a reductive way and that's why we have not moved towards real solutions,” noted environmentalist and climate activist Dr. Vandana Shiva said. In her keynote address at the 2-day 5th annual Energy Finance Conference India, which concluded on Friday at IIT Madras here, she said food has become the turf of contestation in climate change debate. Industrial food production is leading to consumption of fossil fuels, and is a leading driver for pollution and climate change. The fertiliser industry’s new buzzword is ‘farming without farmers’ which will pave the way for a disastrous future.” Prominent among the speakers for the two-day conference were Aniruddha Banerjee, Chief General Manager from ONGC India; Dr. Satyanarayanan Seshadri, Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Chennai; Soumya Dutta, Trustee, MAUSAM; M Arun Kumar Murugan, Tata Power; Prabhajit Kumar Sarkar, CEO, Ampera Energy Pvt. Ltd; Maria Chirayil, Senior Research Associate, Prayas Energy Group; Suranjali Tandon, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy; Avantika Goswami, Centre for Science and Environment; Chandrashekhar Chincholkar, Customized Energy Solution; Simran Grover, Centre For Energy, Environment, and People, and others. Dr. Krishna Vasudevan, Center and Area Coordinator for Energy at Indo-German Center for Sustainability (IGCS) and Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras said, “With decarbonization becoming an urgent need, it is prudent to address immediately, the sector that contributes the most. The Energy sector is the one to be focussed on, addressing all the ramifications on technological, economic, social and environmental fronts.” The conference was attended by academics, think-tanks, industry representatives, experts and activists. The theme of the conference this year is ‘Decarbonisation’ with several discussions held around the policy on decarbonising, role of technological innovation in decarbonising the energy sector, financing decarbonising, international trends in decarbonising and its influence on India, alternatives to fossil fuel industry, etc. “A policy on energy decarbonisation needs to necessarily address emissions from the fossil fuel industry. Anything short of this is only an eye wash, a postponement of a climate catastrophe and letting the industry go scott free while putting the burden on people who are already vulnerable to the outcomes of the climate crises,” said Swathi Seshadri, Director Programs, Centre for Financial Accountability. “Decarbonisation is a vital cog in India’s energy journey. If India has to grow sustainably while tackling the impacts of climate change, it becomes imperative that it follows the path of decarbonisation. For the Indian industry, which is trying to compete globally, it is becoming crucial to incorporate policies supporting decarbonisation otherwise they won’t remain relevant on the international stage, which is becoming extremely sensitive on the issue,” said Aarti Khosla, Director, Climate Trends.

हाड़ौती के वनों की सांसें फुला रही है थर्मल प्लांट्स से निकलने वाली CO2-बचा रहा है परमाणु ऊर्जा संयंत्र

सेंटर फॉर साइंस एंड एनवायर्नमेंट (सीएसई) के अनुसार राजस्थान का एक भी कोल बेस थर्मल पॉवर प्लांट हानिकारक गैसों के उत्सर्जन को रोकने के मापदंडों की पालना नहीं कर रहा है। पर्यावरण मंत्रालय ने गैस उत्सर्जन के जो नियम बनाए हैं, देश के 61% थर्मल प्लांट उनकी पालना में विफल रहे हैं। सभी को फ्यूल गैस डीसल्फ्यूराइजेशन (एफजीडी) प्लांट इंस्टॉल

Delhi govt sets bar higher in its pollution fight

NEW DELHI: Delhi government wants to improve the ambient air quality of the city by around 20% in the next fiscal and will have a comprehensive plan in the next budget, a government official said on Thursday. An official said that the target was to bring down the average concentration of the four major pollutants — PM2.5, PM10, NOX and SO2. Five specific areas in which a task force working on this would focus would be stopping waste burning, ensuring no disposal of construction materials in the open, dust restriction at construction and demolition sites, halting the use of coal in hotels and restaurants and acting against polluting vehicles. Track the pollution level in your city A lot of the focus would be on lessening vehicular emissions by inducting more electric vehicles into service. The Delhi government official said, “By 2025, Delhi will have a total of 10,480 buses, with 80% of the fleet being electric. This will help prevent 4. 7 lakh tonnes of carbon dioxide every year.” The official said that government would also focus on an interceptor sewer project to stop sewage flowing into the Yamuna, small sewage treatment plants and implementation of the Delhi Solar Policy. The state government also aims to increase the geographical area under tree cover outside the designated forests from the current 10% to at least 12%. Also, the total forest cover will be increased to 15%. At present, the capital’s forest cover of 13.1% is less than the national average of 21.7%. Besides biodiversity parks under this category, Delhi mostly has city forests. The official said work would also be carried out on the proposed Miyawaki forests at Kharkari Jatmal in Najafgarh in southwest Delhi and Jainpur village in Najafgarh. Delhi High Court recently observed that the capital was fast losing its forest cover and asked the additional solicitor general to personally look into the matter. It flagged construction and encroachments as key issues affecting the city’s green cover. Delhi government will also boost its effort on installing solar photovoltaic panels on rooftops of government buildings and setting up more waste-to-energy plants. The budget will be presented in Feb and is likely to have an outgo of over Rs 80,000 crore. The gradual and consistent decline in the city’s annual PM2.5 levels since 2015-17 was interrupted in 2023, according to the Centre for Science and Environment. Delhi's annual PM2.5 average for 2023 till December 29 stood at 100.9 micrograms per cubic metre, an increase of 2% from 2022 and 6% from the exceptionally clean 2020.

Junk offset sellers push to enter new UN carbon market

Developers are trying to keep selling offsets from hundreds of controversial projects through a revamped United Nations mechanism, sparking fears that worthless credits will allow companies and countries to pollute. Climate Home analysis shows that renewable energy investments make up four-fifths of all projects seeking a transfer from the old Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to the new system under article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement. Experts have long written off the vast majority of credits produced from renewable energy as junk because they often already provide the cheapest sources of power in most of the world and selling offsets to fund them does not have any additional impact on emissions. Some of these projects have also been accused of human rights violations such as forced evictions for the construction of large dams. Harry Fearnehough from New Climate Institute told Climate Home that “it could definitely undermine the credibility of the mechanism because, while there’s still uncertainty over what it will look like, as a starting point you have a huge supply of low-quality offsets that are potentially available at a very low cost”. Established in 1997 by the Kyoto Protocol, the UN’s CDM allowed rich countries to meet some of their climate obligations by financing emission-cutting projects in poorer ones. The programme has received widespread criticism for its patchy human rights record and for failing to deliver promised climate benefits. Supporters of a new mechanism currently being developed under article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement say it is an improved, higher-integrity successor to the CDM. Winning a lifeline Countries are still wrangling over many aspects of the future market, but one much-debated issue was settled at Cop26 in Glasgow. Under pressure from Brazil, Russia, China and India, countries agreed that a vast number of projects originally created under the CDM were allowed to migrate to the new mechanism. This handed them the chance to significantly extend their lifespan and their potential credit sales. Project developers had until the end of December 2023 to fill in a simple two-page form and submit their transition requests. Of the nearly 3,500 eligible projects, over a third (1,284) seized that opportunity. In total, the projects that have requested transition by the deadline could supply 700 million tons of carbon credits between 2021 – the start year for accounting purposes set by the regulation – and 2035, according to a preliminary analysis by NewClimate Institute shared with Climate Home. That is more than the annual CO2 emissions of Germany. While a relatively small share of the projects opted in, they account for approximately three-quarters of the potential supply of carbon offsets. That’s because some of the programmes seeking to move could produce an outsized volume of credits. The two biggest ones – a hydro plant and a nitrous oxide emission reduction scheme, both in Brazil – each have the potential to issue around 6 million tons of offsets a year. That’s similar to the annual emissions of Sierra Leone. Fearnehough says that “very few, if any, of these credits are genuinely likely to be additional”, going beyond what countries would do anyway without the carbon finance. “A key reason for this is that the CDM was really only scheduled to run up to the end of 2020,” he added. “No investor would have made a decision purely based on expecting revenues from credits in the 2020s because, quite simply, there was no political indication that the possibility to move over to a new mechanism would exist”. Climate and social concerns That is particularly true for the renewable energy projects vastly dominating the list. Experts say they are highly likely to fail the additionality test, meaning their credits do not bring any climate benefit. When used to compensate for real emissions elsewhere, they result in more greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere. The reason is simple. Many renewable offsets came into existence just as solar and wind power were becoming the cheapest source of energy in most countries. After years in operation, they are likely to be profitable from the sale of the electricity alone, without the need for additional revenues from carbon offsetting. A 2016 study commissioned by the European Commission concluded that the vast majority of these projects “are not providing real, measurable and additional emission reductions”. Hydropower projects carry even more concerns as their implementation is often marred by human rights problems. Vulnerable communities relying on rivers for their livelihoods are particularly at risk of forced displacement. The largest project applying for the transition to the new mechanism – the Jirau mega-plant in Brazil’s Rondonia state – is a case in point. Over the years the project has faced multiple accusations of stoking tensions, pushing indigenous people away from their territories and breaching the rights of the workers that built it. Engie, the project’s developer, previously rejected any accusations. Other categories of activities featuring prominently on the transition list have raised major concerns in the past. Credits from projects which claim to cut or stop the emission of industrial gases such as nitrous oxide (N20) and trifluoromethane (HFC-23) were banned by the EU in 2013 for use in its emission trading system. That’s because, according to studies, they created “a perverse incentive” to increase the production of gases depleting the ozone layer. Countries’ authorisation dilemma While the CDM projects have now made their move and requested transition, they are not automatically through to the new system. Standing in their way is the need to receive a formal authorisation to proceed from the countries where their activities are located. Governments have until 2025 to make a decision and, experts predict, it won’t be a straightforward one. “It’s not a guarantee that all host countries will want to approve all of these projects”, according to Jonathan Crook from Carbon Market Watch, who said there would be contrasting forces at play. “If they authorise them, they have to do corresponding adjustments, which they might not be so keen on since those emission reductions will be deducted from their [NDC climate plans]. But, at the same time, most projects are located in very large countries and it may not make a big difference to their plans”. The answer to this dilemma will rest primarily in the hands of China, India and Brazil. Between them, the countries host around three-quarters of all projects that are looking to migrate under article 6.4. Spotlight on three countries Observers of climate talks said their governments all pushed for rules that would grant a lifeline to as many CDM projects as possible when those negotiations took place at Cop25 in Madrid and Cop26 in Glasgow. But, since then, they have been conspicuously quiet on the topic. Climate Home approached the respective carbon market authorities in the three countries but did not receive a response at the time of publication. Trishant Dev is a carbon market expert at the Delhi-based Centre for Science and Environment. He expects there will be “a lot of pressure on the Indian government to let projects through from the carbon industry, which is thriving in the country”. But, at the same time, he thinks the government will take time to properly understand all the pros and cons of allowing such authorisations. “It’s a chaotic process. Countries want to make sense of what the final outcome of the article 6 discussions will be and how that will interact with domestic carbon markets they are constructing”, he said. Who will buy the credits? Article 6 talks collapsed at Cop28 last December after attempts led by the EU to introduce tighter controls and further integrity safeguards had been rebuffed by the US. Negotiators will try again this year to hammer out a deal on many technical issues that need to be resolved before trading of offsets can begin. Meanwhile, questions also remain on who will be interested in using those credits, once the market is up and running. Countries, corporations and individuals could all be potential buyers. New Climate Institute’s Fearnehough said there doesn’t seem to be much appetite from countries based on what they are saying in public. “But it’s hard to predict what will happen when suddenly the offsets are available and you have an easy option to meet your NDC targets”, he added. The credits may gain more interest from polluting companies. Banks, airlines and industrial heavyweights keep buying large volumes of questionable renewable energy offsets despite the known concerns, a Bloomberg investigation found. Dressing them up with the UN stamp of approval may add to the appeal. Carbon Market Watch’s Crook believes much will depend on the transparency of the system – something still largely unknown. “If there is a very transparent register disclosing who purchased how many credits and for what purpose, that would disincentivize companies from transacting low-quality credits out of reputational fears,” he said. “But if it isn’t transparent, buyers may not be as careful with due diligence or may be even encouraged to buy bad credits since there won’t be scrutiny”.