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Down To Earth

Organic Fertiliser Production Down to Just 3.88 Million Tonnnes from 338.72 Million Tonnes in FY17-18: CSE

In 2020-21, India produced 3.88mn (million) tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72mn tonnes in 2017-18, a new report said adding that a targeted, ambitious, and well-funded nationwide programme is needed to drive the change towards organic and natural farming. The Centre has initiated several schemes and programmes through which it promotes production and use of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers. These schemes include those aimed at farmers to promote organic and natural farming such as Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North-Eastern Region, National Food Security Mission and National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm. "However, the sum total of funds spent on these schemes and programmes is dwarfed by the annual subsidy provided on chemical fertilisers. For example, the total organic farming practicing area covered under these schemes and programmes is only about 2.7 per cent of India's net sown area of 140.1 million hectare," said the CSE report State of Biofertilisers and Organic Fertilisers in India. Between 2018 and 2021, a sum of only Rs994 crore was released for Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Rs416 crore for the Mission Organic Value Chain Development for Northeastern Region, and about Rs 4 crore for biofertilisers under the National Food Security Mission. Total subsidy on chemical fertilisers is steeply growing every year. In 2020-21, the annual subsidy bill was Rs1,31,230 crore, which is more than 10 times the subsidy bill in 2001-02 (Rs12,908 crore). The subsidy bill has grown sharply from 2019-20, when it was Rs 83,468 crore, partly due to rising international prices leading to higher subsidies on imported fertilisers. Providing details of production of organic fertilisers, the report mentioned that in 2017-18, Bihar led with 30% production of organic fertilisers in India and was followed by Gujarat and Jharkhand. In 2018-19, Karnataka was the biggest producer of organic fertilisers, with a 94% share in countrywide production. The state continued to be the leading producer in 2019-20, but its share dropped to 64%. In that year, Andhra Pradesh had the second biggest share. In 2020-21, with a share of 63%, Chhattisgarh led the countrywide production of organic fertilisers and Karnataka slipped to the second spot. In 2020-21, India produced 3.88mn tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72mn tonnes in 2017-18. The reasons for the steep fall in national production of organic fertilisers within a span of three years, or the manner in which state-wise shares in the total production have changed substantially between years, are not clear, the latest report from the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has pointed out. However, there are some things to look forward to. In 2020-21, the total production of liquid biofertilisers in India was about 26,442 kilolitres (kl), which marked a growth of about 552% over the 2014-15 figures and when it comes to carrier-based solid biofertilisers, in 2020-21, India produced about 1,34,323 tonnes, a growth of about 435% over the 2008-09 figure and 83% over the 2018-19 figure. Pointing out that in 2017, India had 424 carrier-based solid biofertiliser manufacturing units and 108 for liquid biofertiliser manufacturing units, the CSE report said, "The production capacities are not optimally utilised by all states. There is also lack of compiled countrywide information on companies, registered biofertiliser products and authorisations given at the Central level." Production and availability of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers must be ensured, and their use must be promoted through a multi-pronged approach by the Centre and states, the report recommended and suggested several steps to ease out the creases in the field. Biofertilisers are ready to use live formulates of beneficial microorganisms that on application to seed, root or soil mobilise nutrients through their biological activity in particular and help in building up the micro-flora and soil health in general. Organic fertilisers consist of decomposed organic material derived from animal, human and plant residues. They are of different types depending on the source of the organic material and nature of composting. For example, organic manure is a mix of cattle dung and plant residues, while vermicompost is developed with the help of earthworms.

Down To Earth

सूरज की गर्मी से जल रहा हिंदुस्तान, अभी और सताएगी गर्मी

पेड़ों की कमी कहें या फिर पर्यावरण में परिवर्तन। सूरज की भीषण गर्मी से हिंदुस्तान का जर्रा जर्रा तप रहा है। फिर चाहे वह राजस्थान का थार हो या फिर गोवा का तट। जम्मू-कश्मीर और उत्तराखंड की पहाड़ियां हों या फिर मध्यप्रदेश का मैदान। तपीश में सब झुलस रहे हैं। सबसे ज्यादा आग राजस्थान और मध्यप्रदेश में लगी हुई है। पेड़ों की कमी कहें या फिर पर्यावरण में परिवर्तन। सूरज की भीषण गर्मी से हिंदुस्तान का जर्रा जर्रा तप रहा है। फिर चाहे वह राजस्थान का थार हो या फिर गोवा का तट। जम्मू-कश्मीर और उत्तराखंड की पहाड़ियां हों या फिर मध्यप्रदेश का मैदान। तपीश में सब झुलस रहे हैं। सबसे ज्यादा आग राजस्थान और मध्यप्रदेश में लगी हुई है। गर्मी यहां अपना चरम पार कर रही है। भारत मौसम विज्ञान विभाग के आंकड़ों का डाउन टू अर्थ ने विश्लेषण किया है। इस साल शुरुआती हीट वेव यानी भीषण गर्मी 11 मार्च को शुरू हुई थी। इसने 15 राज्यों और केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों को प्रभावित किया है। राजस्थान और मध्य प्रदेश सबसे अधिक प्रभावित हुए हैं। इस दौरान इन राज्यों में हीट वेव के 25 दिन (भीषण गर्मी की लहर / लू) सबसे बुरे रहे। क्या होता है हीटवेब भारतीय मौसम विभाग के मुताबिक हीट वेव तब होता है, जब किसी जगह का तापमान मैदानी इलाकों में 40 डिग्री सेल्सियस तटीय क्षेत्रों में 37 डिग्री सेल्सियस और पहाड़ी क्षेत्रों में 30 डिग्री सेल्सियस को पार कर जाता है। किसी ख़ास दिन किसी एक जगह पर उस क्षेत्र के सामान्य तापमान से 4.5 से 6.4 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक तापमान दर्ज होता है तो मौसम विभाग उसे हीट वेव कहती है। यह तापमान सामान्य से 6.4 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक है, तो इसे 'गंभीर' हीट वेव घोषित करता है। 45 डिग्री से तापमान अधिक तो हीट वेब भारतीय मौसम विभाग हीट वेव घोषित करने के लिए एक अन्य मानदंड का भी उपयोग करता है। यह पूर्ण रूप से दर्ज तापमान पर आधारित होता है। किसी भी क्षेत्र में अगर तापमान 45 डिग्री सेल्सियस को पार कर जाता है। तो वहां हीट वेव घोषित किया जाता है और जब यह 47 डिग्री को पार करता है, तो 'गंभीर' हीट वेव की घोषणा की जाती है। इस बार राजस्थान और मध्यप्रदेश में तपिश ज्यादा राजस्थान और मध्य प्रदेश के बाद, हिमाचल प्रदेश जैसा पर्वतीय राज्य इस वर्ष हीट वेव से सबसे अधिक प्रभावित हुआ है। यहां हीट वेव और गंभीर हीट वेव के 21 दिन दर्ज किए गए। मौसम एजेंसी ने आधिकारिक तौर पर ओडिशा के लिए केवल एक हीट वेव दिवस घोषित किया है। इंस्टीट्यूट फॉर क्लाइमेट चेंज स्टडीज के डी शिवानंद पाई का कहना है कि मार्च में राजस्थान के पश्चिमी हिस्सों में एंटी-साइक्लोन और बारिश वाले पश्चिमी विक्षोभ की अनुपस्थिति शुरुआती हीटवेव के कारण रहे। वायुमंडल में उच्च दबाव प्रणाली के आसपास तापमान बढाने वाली हवाओं के होने से, एंटी-साइक्लोन गर्म और शुष्क मौसम का कारण बनते हैं। सबसे ज्यादा तप रहा राजस्थान और मध्यप्रदेश राजस्थान 25 मध्य प्रदेश 25 हिमाचल प्रदेश 21 गुजरात 19 जम्मू और कश्मीर 16 हरियाणा 15 दिल्ली एनसीआर 15 उत्तर प्रदेश 11 झारखंड 11 पंजाब 7 महाराष्ट्र 6 उत्तराखंड 4 बिहार 2 गोवा 2 ओडिशा 1 ...तो इसलिए बढ़ा हीटवेब मैरीलैंड यूनिवर्सिटी के एक क्लाइमेट साइंटिस्ट रघु मुर्तुगुड्डे बताते हैं कि पूर्वी और मध्य प्रशांत महासागर में ला नीना से जुड़ा एक नार्थ-साउथ प्रेशर पैटर्न, जो भारत में सर्दियों के दौरान होता है, उम्मीद से अधिक समय तक बना रहा। इसने तेजी से गर्म हो रहे आर्कटिक क्षेत्र से आने वाली गर्म लहरों के साथ मिल कर हीट वेव का निर्माण किया। पूर्वी और मध्य प्रशांत महासागर में समुद्र की सतह का तापमान ला नीना के दौरान औसत से अधिक ठंडा हो जाता है। यह हवा के दबाव में परिवर्तन के माध्यम से समुद्र की सतह पर बहने वाली व्यापारिक हवाओं को प्रभावित करता है। ये व्यापारिक हवाएं इस मौसम की गड़बड़ी को अपने साथ ढो कर ले जाती है और दुनिया के बड़े हिस्से को प्रभावित करती हैं। भारत में, यह घटना ज्यादातर नम सर्दियों से जुड़ी है। इसलिए, भारत में वसंत और गर्मी के दौरान ला नीना का वर्तमान प्रभाव पूरी तरह से अप्रत्याशित है। मुर्तुगुड्डे कहते हैं कि हीट वेव जून में मानसून के शुरू होने तक जारी रह सकती हैं। ...तो 4 डिग्री तो गर्म हो जाएगी पृथ्वी छठी मूल्यांकन रिपोर्ट की पहली किस्त में आईपीसीसी ने जोर देकर कहा कि 1850-1900 के पूर्व-औद्योगिक अवधि की तुलना में, पृथ्वी की वैश्विक सतह का तापमान 1.09 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक गर्म हो गया है। मानव हस्तक्षेप इस स्थिति का मुख्य कारण है। जलवायु मॉडल और विश्लेषण में सुधार ने वैज्ञानिकों को वर्षा,तापमान और अन्य कारकों के रिकॉर्ड देखकर जलवायु परिवर्तन पर मानव प्रभाव की पहचान करने में सक्षम बनाया है। हर अतिरिक्त 0.5 डिग्री सेल्सियस अत्यधिक वर्षा और सूखे के साथ-साथ गर्म मौसम को बढ़ाएगी। कार्बन उत्सर्जन अधिक रहता है तो भारत में हीट वेव्स के 2036-2065 तक 25 गुना अधिक समय तक रहने की संभावना है। यह सदी के अंत तक वैश्विक तापमान में 4 डिग्री सेल्सियस की वृद्धि करेगा।

Sustainable Food Systems

Dramatic Fall In Organic Fertiliser Production In India From 2017-18 To 2020-21: CSE Report

In 2020-21, India produced 3.88 million tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72 million tonne in 2017-18, a new report said adding that a targeted, ambitious, and well-funded nationwide programme is needed to drive the change towards organic and natural farming. The Centre has initiated several schemes and programmes through which it promotes production and use of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers. These schemes include those aimed at farmers to promote organic and natural farming such as Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North-Eastern Region, National Food Security Mission and National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm. “However, the sum total of funds spent on these schemes and programmes is dwarfed by the annual subsidy provided on chemical fertilisers. For example, the total organic farming practicing area covered under these schemes and programmes is only about 2.7 per cent of India’s net sown area of 140.1 million hectare,” said the CSE report State of Biofertilisers and Organic Fertilisers in India. Between 2018 and 2021, a sum of only Rs 994 crore was released for Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Rs 416 crore for the Mission Organic Value Chain Development for northeastern region, and about Rs 4 crore for biofertilisers under the National Food Security Mission. Total subsidy on chemical fertilisers is steeply growing every year. In 2020-21, the annual subsidy bill was Rs 1,31,230 crore, which is more than 10 times the subsidy bill in 2001-02 (Rs 12,908 crore). The subsidy bill has grown sharply from 2019-20, when it was Rs 83,468 crore, partly due to rising international prices leading to higher subsidies on imported fertilisers. Providing details of production of organic fertilisers, the report mentioned that in 2017-18, Bihar led with 30 per cent production of organic fertilisers in India and was followed by Gujarat and Jharkhand. In 2018-19, Karnataka was the biggest producer of organic fertilisers, with a 94 per cent share in countrywide production. The state continued to be the leading producer in 2019-20, but its share dropped to 64 per cent. In that year, Andhra Pradesh had the second biggest share. In 2020-21, with a share of 63 per cent, Chhattisgarh led the countrywide production of organic fertilisers and Karnataka slipped to the second spot. In 2020-21, India produced 3.88 million tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72 million tonnes in 2017-18. The reasons for the steep fall in national production of organic fertilisers within a span of three years, or the manner in which state-wise shares in the total production have changed substantially between years, are not clear, the latest report from the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has pointed out. However, there are some things to look forward to. In 2020-21, the total production of liquid biofertilisers in India was about 26,442 kilolitres (kl), which marked a growth of about 552 per cent over the 2014-15 figures and when it comes to carrier-based solid biofertilisers, in 2020-21, India produced about 1,34,323 tonnes, a growth of about 435 per cent over the 2008-09 figure and 83 per cent over the 2018-19 figure. Pointing out that in 2017, India had 424 carrier-based solid biofertiliser manufacturing units and 108 for liquid biofertiliser manufacturing units, the CSE report said, “The production capacities are not optimally utilised by all states. There is also lack of compiled countrywide information on companies, registered biofertiliser products and authorisations given at the Central level.” Production and availability of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers must be ensured, and their use must be promoted through a multi-pronged approach by the Centre and states, the report recommended and suggested several steps to ease out the creases in the field. Biofertilisers are ready to use live formulates of beneficial microorganisms that on application to seed, root or soil mobilise nutrients through their biological activity in particular and help in building up the micro-flora and soil health in general. Organic fertilisers consist of decomposed organic material derived from animal, human and plant residues. They are of different types depending on the source of the organic material and nature of composting. For example, organic manure is a mix of cattle dung and plant residues, while vermicompost is developed with the help of earthworms.

Sustainable Mobility

West Bengal: Ensure BS-VI vehicles over 1 year old undergo PUC check, police told

KOLKATA: The Bengal government directed police to ensure Bharat Stage (BS)-VI vehicles, registered on April 1, 2020, and earlier, undergo pollution check and have valid pollution-under-control (PUC) certificates. BS-VI is a much stricter emission standard and its compliance will cut down on tailpipe emission, which contributes to 30% of the city’s ambient air pollution. After registration, new BS-VI vehicles were offered a one-year relief but the pandemic delayed pollution-check enforcement further by a year. Now, the transport department has asked police to check whether all BS-VI vehicles, registered at least a year ago, have valid certificates. India cities were brought under the Bharat Stage regime in 2000. The fourth iteration, BS-IV, was introduced in 2017 and therefore the delay between the introduction of BS-III and BS-IV resulted in fast-tracking the BS-VI emission norms, skipping BS-V. “While the BS-IV emission norms allow a vehicle to emit not more than 80mg/km of NOx (nitrogen oxides), BS-VI emission norms have reduced it to 60mg/km,” an official said. The insurance regulatory and development authority (IRDA) recently asked insurance companies not to renew any motor policy until vehicle owners provided valid PUC certificates. Kolkata has 1,42,308 BS-VI vehicles, of which over 50,000 were registered in 2020, 69,000 in 2021 and 20,000 in 2022. “Under the BS-VI norms, the pollution limit has been drastically reduced. While the norm for NOx from diesel vehicles in BS-IV is at 250mg/km, it is reduced to 80mg/km under BS-VI. The HC+NOx has been reduced from 300mg/km in the BS-IV to 170mg/km,” explained P K Bose, an automobile expert and former director, NIT. But, many experts said, PUC enforcement was just a token move. “PUC is irrelevant for BS-VI vehicles, with the introduction of Real Driving Emission (RDE). There needs to be a paradigm shift in technology in the form of a remote sensing device, which can measure tailpipe emissions for key pollutants while vehicles are on the move. We need huge preparedness and training for our regional transport offices to adjust to the new BS-VI norms,” said Anumita Roy Choudhury, executive director, Centre for Science and Environment, Delhi. “RPM meters are necessary, along with a pollution measuring device to check the levels under driving conditions. But many auto emission testing centres (AETC) do not have RPM meters,” said auto emission consultant S M Ghosh.

Sustainable Mobility

Ridership yet to hit pre-pandemic levels: Metro data

To be sure, the Delhi Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) on Wednesday reimposed the masks mandate in the Capital but has not imposed any other restrictions, including on transport. Despite lifting of all Covid-19 related restrictions in the Capital, the daily average ridership of the Delhi Metro only rose to 66% of the pre-pandemic level. According to data from the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), the average daily ridership on weekdays between February 28 and April 17 this year is currently around four million, as against the 6.13 million average weekday ridership between January 1 and February 29 in 2020. During weekends, the average daily ridership between February 28 and April 17 this year was 3.121 million even as the data shows 4.753 million people used to take the Metro on weekdays between January 1 and February 29, 2020. The Delhi Metro had been operating under reduced capacity since the first Covid-19 lockdown in March 2020, and returned to normalcy only from February 28, 2022, when the Delhi Metro was allowed to function with 100% seating and standing capacity. To be sure, the Delhi Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) on Wednesday reimposed the masks mandate in the Capital but has not imposed any other restrictions, including on transport. After the first Covid-19 lockdown ended, DMRC data showed an average weekday daily ridership of 1.771 million between September 7, 2020, and May 9, 2021, and the average ridership on weekend was 1.296 million. During this period, Delhi Metro was allowed to function with only 50% seating capacity and strict enforcement of social distancing rules. The average daily ridership increased by around 50%following return to normalcy after the second lockdown -- the weekday ridership was 2.756 million between June 7, 2021 and February 27, 2022 and the weekend ridership during this period was 2.127 million. Delhi Metro operations were limited even in this period, with conditions, including 50% seating capacity and later, 100% seating capacity with no standing passengers, in force during the period. Anuj Dayal, principal executive director, corporate communications, DMRC, said passenger traffic has shown a steady increase, both on weekdays and weekends, following the lifting of all restrictions around Covid-19. “However, it is still less than the pre-pandemic levels,” said Dayal, adding that people were gradually gaining the confidence to move out during weekends for leisure. “The same is being reflected in the gradual increase in weekend journeys from around 1.2 million after the first wave to about 3.1 million now. If the pandemic remains within control, the number of journeys during weekends will surely increase further,” he added. Anumita Roychowdhury, executive director, research and advocacy at the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), said multiple factors are likely to be in play at the moment, including the seasonal impact from the heat and Covid-19 related apprehensions, which has seen a number of people switch over to public transport. “Following the first wave, a lot of people returned to private vehicles and some have not returned to public transport. On weekdays, work from home may still be a part, but on weekends, it is possible people are not venturing out as much, in order to avoid congested places. Certainly, the heat is also playing a factor in Delhi at present,” she explains.

Sustainable Food Systems

Dramatic fall in organic fertiliser production in India from 2017-18 to 2020-21: CSE report

The Centre has initiated several schemes and programmes through which it promotes production and use of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers. In 2020-21, India produced 3.88 million tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72 million tonne in 2017-18, a new report said adding that a targeted, ambitious, and well-funded nationwide programme is needed to drive the change towards organic and natural farming. The Centre has initiated several schemes and programmes through which it promotes production and use of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers. These schemes include those aimed at farmers to promote organic and natural farming such as Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North-Eastern Region, National Food Security Mission and National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm. “However, the sum total of funds spent on these schemes and programmes is dwarfed by the annual subsidy provided on chemical fertilisers. For example, the total organic farming practicing area covered under these schemes and programmes is only about 2.7 per cent of India’s net sown area of 140.1 million hectare,” said the CSE report State of Biofertilisers and Organic Fertilisers in India. Between 2018 and 2021, a sum of only Rs 994 crore was released for Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Rs 416 crore for the Mission Organic Value Chain Development for Northeastern Region, and about Rs 4 crore for biofertilisers under the National Food Security Mission. Total subsidy on chemical fertilisers is steeply growing every year. In 2020-21, the annual subsidy bill was Rs 1,31,230 crore, which is more than 10 times the subsidy bill in 2001-02 (Rs 12,908 crore). The subsidy bill has grown sharply from 2019-20, when it was Rs 83,468 crore, partly due to rising international prices leading to higher subsidies on imported fertilisers. Providing details of production of organic fertilisers, the report mentioned that in 2017-18, Bihar led with 30 per cent production of organic fertilisers in India and was followed by Gujarat and Jharkhand. In 2018-19, Karnataka was the biggest producer of organic fertilisers, with a 94 per cent share in countrywide production. The state continued to be the leading producer in 2019-20, but its share dropped to 64 per cent. In that year, Andhra Pradesh had the second biggest share. In 2020-21, with a share of 63 per cent, Chhattisgarh led the countrywide production of organic fertilisers and Karnataka slipped to the second spot. In 2020-21, India produced 3.88 million tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72 million tonne in 2017-18. The reasons for the steep fall in national production of organic fertilisers within a span of three years, or the manner in which state-wise shares in the total production have changed substantially between years, are not clear, the latest report from the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has pointed out. However, there are some things to look forward to. In 2020-21, the total production of liquid biofertilisers in India was about 26,442 kilolitres (kl), which marked a growth of about 552 per cent over the 2014-15 figures and when it comes to carrier-based solid biofertilisers, in 2020-21, India produced about 1,34,323 tonnes, a growth of about 435 per cent over the 2008-09 figure and 83 per cent over the 2018-19 figure. Pointing out that in 2017, India had 424 carrier-based solid biofertiliser manufacturing units and 108 for liquid biofertiliser manufacturing units, the CSE report said, “The production capacities are not optimally utilised by all states. There is also lack of compiled countrywide information on companies, registered biofertiliser products and authorisations given at the Central level.” Production and availability of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers must be ensured, and their use must be promoted through a multi-pronged approach by the Centre and states, the report recommended and suggested several steps to ease out the creases in the field. Biofertilisers are ready to use live formulates of beneficial microorganisms that on application to seed, root or soil mobilise nutrients through their biological activity in particular and help in building up the micro-flora and soil health in general. Organic fertilisers consist of decomposed organic material derived from animal, human and plant residues. They are of different types depending on the source of the organic material and nature of composting. For example, organic manure is a mix of cattle dung and plant residues, while vermicompost is developed with the help of earthworms.

Sustainable Food Systems

Organic Fertiliser Production Down to Just 3.88 Million Tonnnes from 338.72 Million Tonnes in FY17-18: CSE

Sustainable Food Systems

सीएसई : गत तीन साल में देश के आर्गेनिक उर्वरक उत्पादन में आयी तेज गिरावट

वर्ष 2017-18 में देश में आर्गेनिक उर्वरक का उत्पादन 33.87 करोड़ टन था, जो तेजी से गिरता हुआ वर्ष 2020-21 में मात्र 38.8 लाख टन रह गया। सेंटर फॉर साइंट एंड एन्वॉयरमेंट की ताजा रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, साल 2017-18 में देश में सबसे अधिक ऑर्गेनिक उर्वरक का उत्पादन बिहार में हुआ। कुल उत्पादन में बिहार का योगदान 30 प्रतिशत रहा, जबकि गुजरात दूसरे और झारखंड तीसरे स्थान पर रहा। वर्ष 2018-19 में बिहार को पीछे कर कर्नाटक ने बाजी मार ली और कुल उत्पादन में उसका योगदान 94 प्रतिशत रहा। इसके अगले साल भी कर्नाटक ही अव्वल रहा लेकिन इसका योगदान तेजी से घटकर 64 प्रतिशत रह गया। इस साल आंध्र प्रदेश उत्पादन के मामले में दूसरे स्थान पर रहा था। साल 2020-21 में छत्तीसगढ़ पहले स्थान पर रहा और कर्नाटक एक पायदान पीछे चला गया। इस साल छत्तीसगढ़ का योगदान कुल उत्पादन में 63 प्रतिशत रहा था। सीएसई का कहना है कि लेकिन इस दौरान देश में तरल जैव उर्वरक का उत्पादन 2014-15 की तुलना में करीब 552 प्रतिशत की तेजी के साथ वर्ष 2020-21 में करीब 26,442 किलोमीटर हो गया। इस दौरान करियर आधारित ठोस उर्वरक का उत्पादन भी वर्ष 2018-19 की तुलना में 83 प्रतिशत बढ़कर करीब 1,34,323 टन हो गया। सीएसई का कहना है कि वर्ष 2017 में देश में 424 विनिर्माण इकाइयां करियर आधारित ठोस उर्वरक बना रही थी जबकि 108 संयंत्र तरल जैव उर्वरक के उत्पादन से जुड़ी थीं। सीएसई का कहना है कि सभी राज्य उत्पादन क्षमता का ठीक तरीके से दोहन नहीं कर रहे हैं। इसके अलावा इन कंपनियों, पंजीकृत जैव उर्वरक उत्पादों आदि के बारे में देशव्यापी जानकारी सीमित है। रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक देश को आर्गेनिक और प्राकृतिक खेती की ओर ले जाने के लिये एक अच्छे फंड वाले राष्ट्रव्यापी अभियान की सख्त जरूरत है। रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक, केंद्र सरकार ने जैव उर्वरक और आर्गेनिक उर्वरक को बढ़ावा देने के लिये कई योजनायें शुरू की हैं। इन योजनाओं में परंपरागत कृषि विकास योजना, पूर्वोत्तर क्षेत्र के लिये मिशन ऑर्गेनिक वैल्यू चेन डेवलपमेंट, राष्ट्रीय खाद्य सुरक्षा अभियान और तिलहनों तथा पाम ऑयल पर आधारित राष्ट्रीय अभियान शामिल हैं। सीएसई का कहना है कि लेकिन इन सभी योजनाओं पर किया जाना कुल व्यय रासायनिक उर्वरक के लिये दी जाने वाली सब्सिडी के सामने नगण्य दिखता है। इन योजनाओं के तहत की जाने वाली ऑर्गेनिक खेती देश के कुल बुवाई क्षेत्र यानी 14 करोड़ हेक्टेयर की करीब 2.7 प्रतिशत हिस्से में ही होती है। साल 2018 से 2021 के बीच परंपरागत कृषि विकास योजना के तहत मात्र 994 करोड़ रुपये, मिशन ऑर्गेनिक वैल्यू चेन डेवलपमेंट के तहत 416 करोड़ रुपये और राष्ट्रीय खाद्य सुरक्षा अभियान के तहत जैव उर्वरक के लिये मात्र चार करोड़ रुपये जारी किये गये। दूसरी तरफ रासायनिक उर्वरक के लिये दी जाने वाली सब्सिडी साल दर साल बढ़ती गयी। साल 2001-2002 में इस मद में 12,908 करोड़ रुपये की सब्सिडी दी जाती थी, जो दस गुणा बढ़कर 2020-21 में 1,31,230 करोड़ रुपये हो गयी।

Sustainable Food Systems

Dramatic fall in organic fertiliser production in India from 2017-18 to 2020-21: CSE report

In 2020-21, India produced 3.88 million tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72 million tonne in 2017-18, a new report said adding that a targeted, ambitious, and well-funded nationwide programme is needed to drive the change towards organic and natural farming. The Centre has initiated several schemes and programmes through which it promotes production and use of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers. These schemes include those aimed at farmers to promote organic and natural farming such as Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North-Eastern Region, National Food Security Mission and National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm. "However, the sum total of funds spent on these schemes and programmes is dwarfed by the annual subsidy provided on chemical fertilisers. For example, the total organic farming practicing area covered under these schemes and programmes is only about 2.7 per cent of India's net sown area of 140.1 million hectare," said the CSE report State of Biofertilisers and Organic Fertilisers in India. Between 2018 and 2021, a sum of only Rs 994 crore was released for Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Rs 416 crore for the Mission Organic Value Chain Development for Northeastern Region, and about Rs 4 crore for biofertilisers under the National Food Security Mission. Total subsidy on chemical fertilisers is steeply growing every year. In 2020-21, the annual subsidy bill was Rs 1,31,230 crore, which is more than 10 times the subsidy bill in 2001-02 (Rs 12,908 crore). The subsidy bill has grown sharply from 2019-20, when it was Rs 83,468 crore, partly due to rising international prices leading to higher subsidies on imported fertilisers. Providing details of production of organic fertilisers, the report mentioned that in 2017-18, Bihar led with 30 per cent production of organic fertilisers in India and was followed by Gujarat and Jharkhand. In 2018-19, Karnataka was the biggest producer of organic fertilisers, with a 94 per cent share in countrywide production. The state continued to be the leading producer in 2019-20, but its share dropped to 64 per cent. In that year, Andhra Pradesh had the second biggest share. In 2020-21, with a share of 63 per cent, Chhattisgarh led the countrywide production of organic fertilisers and Karnataka slipped to the second spot. In 2020-21, India produced 3.88 million tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72 million tonne in 2017-18. The reasons for the steep fall in national production of organic fertilisers within a span of three years, or the manner in which state-wise shares in the total production have changed substantially between years, are not clear, the latest report from the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has pointed out. However, there are some things to look forward to. In 2020-21, the total production of liquid biofertilisers in India was about 26,442 kilolitres (kl), which marked a growth of about 552 per cent over the 2014-15 figures and when it comes to carrier-based solid biofertilisers, in 2020-21, India produced about 1,34,323 tonnes, a growth of about 435 per cent over the 2008-09 figure and 83 per cent over the 2018-19 figure. Pointing out that in 2017, India had 424 carrier-based solid biofertiliser manufacturing units and 108 for liquid biofertiliser manufacturing units, the CSE report said, "The production capacities are not optimally utilised by all states. There is also lack of compiled countrywide information on companies, registered biofertiliser products and authorisations given at the Central level." Production and availability of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers must be ensured, and their use must be promoted through a multi-pronged approach by the Centre and states, the report recommended and suggested several steps to ease out the creases in the field. Biofertilisers are ready to use live formulates of beneficial microorganisms that on application to seed, root or soil mobilise nutrients through their biological activity in particular and help in building up the micro-flora and soil health in general. Organic fertilisers consist of decomposed organic material derived from animal, human and plant residues. They are of different types depending on the source of the organic material and nature of composting. For example, organic manure is a mix of cattle dung and plant residues, while vermicompost is developed with the help of earthworms.

Sustainable Food Systems

Dramatic fall in organic fertiliser production in India from 2017-18 to 2020-21: CSE report

India produced 3.88 million tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72 million tonne in 2017-18, a new report said adding that a targeted, ambitious, and well-funded nationwide programme is needed to drive the change towards organic and natural farming. The Centre has initiated several schemes and programmes through which it promotes production and use of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers. These schemes include those aimed at farmers to promote organic and natural farming such as Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North-Eastern Region, National Food Security Mission and National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm. "However, the sum total of funds spent on these schemes and programmes is dwarfed by the annual subsidy provided on chemical fertilisers. For example, the total organic farming practicing area covered under these schemes and programmes is only about 2.7 per cent of India's net sown area of 140.1 million hectare, " said the CSE report State of Biofertilisers and Organic Fertilisers in India. Between 2018 and 2021, a sum of only Rs 994 crore was released for Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Rs 416 crore for the Mission Organic Value Chain Development for Northeastern Region, and about Rs 4 crore for biofertilisers under the National Food Security Mission. Total subsidy on chemical fertilisers is steeply growing every year. In 2020-21, the annual subsidy bill was Rs 1, 31, 230 crore, which is more than 10 times the subsidy bill in 2001-02 (Rs 12, 908 crore). The subsidy bill has grown sharply from 2019-20, when it was Rs 83, 468 crore, partly due to rising international prices leading to higher subsidies on imported fertilisers. Providing details of production of organic fertilisers, the report mentioned that in 2017-18, Bihar led with 30 per cent production of organic fertilisers in India and was followed by Gujarat and Jharkhand. In 2018-19, Karnataka was the biggest producer of organic fertilisers, with a 94 per cent share in countrywide production. The state continued to be the leading producer in 2019-20, but its share dropped to 64 per cent. In that year, Andhra Pradesh had the second biggest share. In 2020-21, with a share of 63 per cent, Chhattisgarh led the countrywide production of organic fertilisers and Karnataka slipped to the second spot. In 2020-21, India produced 3.88 million tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72 million tonne in 2017-18. The reasons for the steep fall in national production of organic fertilisers within a span of three years, or the manner in which state-wise shares in the total production have changed substantially between years, are not clear, the latest report from the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has pointed out. However, there are some things to look forward to. In 2020-21, the total production of liquid biofertilisers in India was about 26, 442 kilolitres (kl), which marked a growth of about 552 per cent over the 2014-15 figures and when it comes to carrier-based solid biofertilisers, in 2020-21, India produced about 1, 34, 323 tonnes, a growth of about 435 per cent over the 2008-09 figure and 83 per cent over the 2018-19 figure. Pointing out that in 2017, India had 424 carrier-based solid biofertiliser manufacturing units and 108 for liquid biofertiliser manufacturing units, the CSE report said, "The production capacities are not optimally utilised by all states. There is also lack of compiled countrywide information on companies, registered biofertiliser products and authorisations given at the Central level." Production and availability of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers must be ensured, and their use must be promoted through a multi-pronged approach by the Centre and states, the report recommended and suggested several steps to ease out the creases in the field. Biofertilisers are ready to use live formulates of beneficial microorganisms that on application to seed, root or soil mobilise nutrients through their biological activity in particular and help in building up the micro-flora and soil health in general. Organic fertilisers consist of decomposed organic material derived from animal, human and plant residues. They are of different types depending on the source of the organic material and nature of composting. For example, organic manure is a mix of cattle dung and plant residues, while vermicompost is developed with the help of earthworms.

Sustainable Food Systems

गत तीन साल में देश के आर्गेनिक उर्वरक उत्पादन में आयी तेज गिरावट : सीएसई

Sustainable Food Systems

गत तीन साल में देश के आर्गेनिक उर्वरक उत्पादन में आयी तेज गिरावट : सीएसई

Sustainable Food Systems

Dramatic fall in organic fertiliser production in India from 2017-18 to 2020-21: CSE report

2020-21, India produced 3.88 million tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72 million tonne in 2017-18, a new report said adding that a targeted, ambitious, and well-funded nationwide programme is needed to drive the change towards organic and natural farming. The Centre has initiated several schemes and programmes through which it promotes production and use of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers. These schemes include those aimed at farmers to promote organic and natural farming such as Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North-Eastern Region, National Food Security Mission and National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm. "However, the sum total of funds spent on these schemes and programmes is dwarfed by the annual subsidy provided on chemical fertilisers. For example, the total organic farming practicing area covered under these schemes and programmes is only about 2.7 per cent of India's net sown area of 140.1 million hectare," said the CSE report State of Biofertilisers and Organic Fertilisers in India. Between 2018 and 2021, a sum of only Rs 994 crore was released for Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Rs 416 crore for the Mission Organic Value Chain Development for Northeastern Region, and about Rs 4 crore for biofertilisers under the National Food Security Mission. Total subsidy on chemical fertilisers is steeply growing every year. In 2020-21, the annual subsidy bill was Rs 1,31,230 crore, which is more than 10 times the subsidy bill in 2001-02 (Rs 12,908 crore). The subsidy bill has grown sharply from 2019-20, when it was Rs 83,468 crore, partly due to rising international prices leading to higher subsidies on imported fertilisers. Providing details of production of organic fertilisers, the report mentioned that in 2017-18, Bihar led with 30 per cent production of organic fertilisers in India and was followed by Gujarat and Jharkhand. In 2018-19, Karnataka was the biggest producer of organic fertilisers, with a 94 per cent share in countrywide production. The state continued to be the leading producer in 2019-20, but its share dropped to 64 per cent. In that year, Andhra Pradesh had the second biggest share. In 2020-21, with a share of 63 per cent, Chhattisgarh led the countrywide production of organic fertilisers and Karnataka slipped to the second spot. In 2020-21, India produced 3.88 million tonnes of organic fertilisers, a dramatic decrease from 338.72 million tonne in 2017-18. The reasons for the steep fall in national production of organic fertilisers within a span of three years, or the manner in which state-wise shares in the total production have changed substantially between years, are not clear, the latest report from the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has pointed out. However, there are some things to look forward to. In 2020-21, the total production of liquid biofertilisers in India was about 26,442 kilolitres (kl), which marked a growth of about 552 per cent over the 2014-15 figures and when it comes to carrier-based solid biofertilisers, in 2020-21, India produced about 1,34,323 tonnes, a growth of about 435 per cent over the 2008-09 figure and 83 per cent over the 2018-19 figure. Pointing out that in 2017, India had 424 carrier-based solid biofertiliser manufacturing units and 108 for liquid biofertiliser manufacturing units, the CSE report said, "The production capacities are not optimally utilised by all states. There is also lack of compiled countrywide information on companies, registered biofertiliser products and authorisations given at the Central level." Production and availability of biofertilisers and organic fertilisers must be ensured, and their use must be promoted through a multi-pronged approach by the Centre and states, the report recommended and suggested several steps to ease out the creases in the field. Biofertilisers are ready to use live formulates of beneficial microorganisms that on application to seed, root or soil mobilise nutrients through their biological activity in particular and help in building up the micro-flora and soil health in general. Organic fertilisers consist of decomposed organic material derived from animal, human and plant residues. They are of different types depending on the source of the organic material and nature of composting. For example, organic manure is a mix of cattle dung and plant residues, while vermicompost is developed with the help of earthworms.

Sustainable Food Systems

सीएसई : गत तीन साल में देश के आर्गेनिक उर्वरक उत्पादन में आयी तेज गिरावट

Director General Office

Has man a future?

Earth Day is an opportune occasion to relive the memories of the victory over a corporate behemoth won by the vulnerable population of Plachimada in the battle for their right to water, and of the people and an institution that supported their valiant struggle - <strong>Can You</strong> by Cuban <em>Nicolás Guillén Batista </em>{1902-‘89}</p></div> <div class="mpp-story-content-details-main my-3"><p>Today marks the 20th anniversary of the formation of the <em>Coca-Cola Virudha Janakeeya Samara Samithy</em>. The struggle in Plachimada was a broad social movement against the commodification of nature’s precious resources. It was waged against the exploitation of water by Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd., first reported in our news columns in 2001. The protest assumed political contour when the late socialist, Chairman and Managing Director of <em>Mathrubhumi </em>and my father, M P Veerendra Kumar, convinced his own party, Janata Dal, to actively take up the issue.</p></div> <div class="mpp-story-content-details-main my-3"><p>A landmark event was the three-day World Water Conference from January 21-23, 2004, held in Plachimada and Puthussery {where Pepsi had a bottling plant}. My father’s comrade-in-arms in conceiving this forum attended by over 40 international water warriors, and 500 delegates, was the late Dr. Sukumar Azhikode. I used to feel envious of the energy and enthusiasm both of them showed, when we were all camped together at the centrally located Hotel Indraprastha. Dr Vandana Shiva of <em>Navdanya</em> too gave generously of her knowledge and time. Another pillar of support was Sunita Narain of the <em>Centre for Science and Environment</em>, also of Delhi. </p>

Solid Waste Management and Circular Economy

Delhi to replicate Mumbai’s system to capture methane at landfills: Environment Minister

Officials have been asked to implement it in Delhi soon to prevent incidents of fire,” Rai said. NEW DELHI: The Delhi government will study a system installed in Mumbai to capture methane from the rotting waste and replicate it in the capital to prevent fires at landfills, Environment Minister Gopal Rai said on Thursday. The decision was taken at a meeting of experts from the Centre for Science and Environment, The Energy and Resources Institute and IIT-Delhi to find out a technological solution to the problem of fires at landfill sites. The meeting came a day after a massive fire broke out at the Ghazipur landfill -- the third such incident since March 28 this year -- sending a dense plume of smoke into the sky and exacerbating the already polluted air in nearby areas. ADVERTISEMENT “We have asked the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) and the East Delhi Municipal Corporation to study the system installed in Mumbai which can capture methane generated at landfills. Officials have been asked to implement it in Delhi soon to prevent incidents of fire,” Rai said. The wet waste dumped in a landfill produces methane when it rots. In hot weather conditions, methane catches fire spontaneously and the blaze spreads as it feeds on combustible material like textiles and plastics. Last year, authorities reported four incidents of fire at Ghazipur landfill. In 2017, a large part of it broke away, crashing onto a road and killing two people. Commissioned in 1984, the Ghazipur landfill site is spread across 70 acres. In 2019, the garbage dump site had grown 65 metres high.