Reuse of Biosolids and Treated Wastewater

December 02, 2025

"This study evaluates the reuse potential of biosolids and treated wastewater from 59 faecal sludge and septage treatment facilities in Uttar Pradesh.

Employing a mixed-methods approach—combining monthly plant-performance data (May–July 2025) with stakeholder interviews—the research quantifies current by-product generation (nearly 71,000 quintals of biosolids; 200 million litres of effluent annually) and identifies uneven reuse practices. Nearly 60 per cent of cities report zero biosolid reuse, while the remainder employ ad hoc distribution, landscaping or pilot composting. Effluent is reused on-site or via dedicated tankers.

Key barriers include absent guidelines, limited testing and low capacity utilization. The report recommends regulatory frameworks, testing protocols, infrastructure upgrades and market incentives to scale resource recovery."